 Potato Famine ( )  Many owned farms or sold potatoes making finding work and getting money difficult  Many couldn’t pay their rent and were either … Sent to jail Kicked to the streets Sold by landlords to be taken to Canada  Poor Law Extension act forced many property owners into poverty  Overpopulation  Different religious Beliefs Protestant Catholic Catholic Church

 2 waves of settlers one after 1815 and the second during the potato famine  340,000 sailed for British North America  commercial and agricultural expansion  political strife  British settlement  economic advance and the clash of Reform and Tory elements  There were only some half a million settled residents in all British North America  when this "Great Migration" began. It started in trickles; less than 700 in 1815, though that was not fully a peace-year. It swelled to 15,000 by 1818; then on to 66,000 in 1832 and 109,000 in 1849; sweeping floods for the provinces of the time.

 Had to be fertile  No crimes committed  No stops on trip to Canada it was straight through  Men and Women were separated during transportation

 religious differences, caused them to settle in different parts of the new land  The majority of Protestant Irish came to Canada with ample savings and a religious background that allowed them to fit in almost anywhere in Canada.  The Catholics were socially and politically marginalized in Ireland, and came to Canada with few advantages other than language, British institutions, and the Catholic religion they shared with the French of Québec.  Québec welcomed them most vigorously, partly because of religion and shared resistance to the English.  outside Québec, acceptance was more difficult  Irish Catholicism was frowned upon by the Protestant majority in other parts of Canada.  Those who came during the Famine arrived poor and sick with cholera and typhus.  The painful stereotype of the Irish Catholic as lazy, drunken and proliferate-the old hurts from home-followed them into English Canada and would remain etched in the public mind for several generations.

 Owned Farms and small businesses  Worked hard to make a substantial living  had better job opportunities religion(Protestant more powerful than Catholic) Appearance Language  Competed with French-Canadians for jobs  They were considered successful and well off

 Usually lived on farms  families were generally large  Went to Church  Spent time with friends  Adults did more of the farm work  Children did chores, looked after the garden  All family members looked after livestock and crops making it easier to obtained land

Primary resources Diary’s t_James_Breden.pdf t_Lilian_Gertrude_McCullogh.pdf t_Don_McKenna.pdf Pictures e.html Secondary Resources Internet (websites on nest slide)

" Introduction - Irish - Explore the Communities - The Kids' Site of Canadian Settlement - Library and Archives Canada." Bienvenue au site Web Bibliothèque et Archives Canada / Welcome to the Library and Archives Canada website. (accessed April 27, 2012). "Immigration, Colonial Growth and Strife: Canadian Heritage." Canadian Heritage Gallery. (accessed April 27, 2012). "THE FORCE OF HOPE: Irish Immigration History." White Pine Pictures | Enlightened Entertainment. (accessed April 27, 2012) e.html?PHPSESSID=g78vmard cris3us9a e.html?PHPSESSID=g78vmard cris3us9a2