Life Science Chapter 13 Animals Porifera Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms

Animal Characteristics 1. Cannot make their own food 2. Digest their food 3. Many move from place to place 4. Specialized cells— do different jobs 5. Eukaryotic cells

Kingdom Animals

Vertebrate/Invertebrate Vertebrate Animals with a backbone Invertebrate Animals that don’t have a backbone

Symmetry Defined Arrangement of animals body parts Radial Can be split into equal parts—all the same pieces Bilateral Divided into two halves that are mirror images of each other Asymmetrical No pattern to follow— varied shape

Sponges/Porifera Phylum Porifera Invertebrates Sessile Don’t move Asymmetrical/some radial Body of a sponge is covered with many small openings called pores

Sponges/Porifera Body is hollow tube with opening at the top Body wall has two cell layers Spicules Small needle-like structures provide structure for the sponge

Sponges/Porifera Epithelial cells Thin and flat cells that can contract to close the pores Collar Cells Have flagella that whips around to move water Pore Cells Bring water carrying food and oxygen into the body

Sponges/Porifera Feed by filtering food from water Filter-feeders Eat Bacteria, algae, protozoans

Sponge/Porifera Reproduce sexually by Releasing egg and sperm into the water Reproduce asexually by Forming buds or regeneration Regeneration is the ability of an organism to replace body parts

Sponge/Porifera Hermaphrodites Animals that produces both sperm and egg Fertilized egg is a larva which can swim for a short time before becoming sessile

Cnidarians Sea anemone Jellyfish Corals hydra

Cnidarian Radial symmetry 2 cell layers Tissues and digestive cavity Tentacles Arm-like structures that surround the mouth that are armed with stinging cells

Cnidarian Two body plans Polyp Vase-like Sessile Medusa Bell-shaped move

Cnidarian Almost all cnidarians go through both body plans sometimes in their life cycle Have a simple nervous system Called a nerve net Carries impulses to all parts of the body

Cnidarian Reproduce sexually by Releasing sperm and egg into the water Reproduce asexually by budding

Cnidarian Coral Reefs Important because they protect beaches and shorelines from ocean waves and wash

Flatworms/Platyhelminthes Bilateral symmetry 3 tissue layes Have organs, organ systems making them more complex than sponges or cnidarians

Flatworms/Platyhelminthes Flattened bodies Phylum Platyhelminthes Planarians Tapeworms Free living and some are parasites

Flatworms/Platyhelminthes Most live in salt water Few freshwater

Flatworm/Platyhelminthes Planarians Picture page 358 Triangle head Eyespot One body opening Eat small organisms or dead things Freshwater 3 mm to 30 cm Bodies covered in cilia Asexual reproduction— regeneration Sexual reproduction— egg and sperm hermaphrodites

Flatworms/Plathyhelminthes Tapeworms Use hooks and suckers to attach to host Parasites No mouth or digestive system Just absorbs through body walls Grows by producing new segments, each new segment has male and female parts, the segments that break off can infect another host

Roundworms/Nematoda Phylum Nematoda Largest phylum of worms Free living or parasitic Round slender tapered at both ends body

Roundworms/Nematoda Bilateral symmetry 3 tissue layers/organs Two body openings, a mouth and an anus and they have a digestive tract Types of parasites roundworms on page 362