What is micro – bio - logy? micro = _________________ bio = _________________ ology = _________________ How well do you know your stems?

Structure and Function of Living Things Microbiology: a basic science that explores or studies microscopic organisms including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites and some fungi and algae micro = microscopic bio = living ology =the study of

Name That Image

Name That Image 1. chlorophyll 2. louse 3. algae 4. mitochondria 5. bacteria 6. plankton

Fact or Fiction… What do you think? 1.Biotechnology is a basic science that explores microscopic organisms including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites and some fungi and algae. 2.Viruses need a host cell to reproduce. 3.Bacterial and viral infections are treated with antibiotics. 4.A parasite is an organism that lives on or in another individual known as the “host” while feeding on the host; it may or may not kill the host. 5.A “pandemic” is when an illness is in a widespread area (usually worldwide) rather than confined to a particular location or region and affects global populations.

Bacteria 1.Prokaryotic (single-celled) organisms; no membrane bound nucleus 2.Can live in a variety of places (with or without O 2, extreme hot or cold) 3.Reproduce through binary fission (asexual reproduction); can grow and divide extremely rapidly under optimal conditions; can double very quickly (graph analysis activity) 4.Shapes: rod, spherical, spiral 5.Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics; overuse of antibiotics has led to “antibiotic resistance” (when mutant bacteria survive antibiotic treatment and give rise to resistant populations) Why may the development of “antibiotic resistant” bacteria be harmful to humans? “Understanding Bacteria: Part I and II” Lab: Antibiotic Resistance* “Compare and Contrast Viruses and Bacteria” “Bacterial Diseases Chart” * “Biology of Bacteria”

1.As time passes, what pattern do you observe with the reproduction of bacteria? 2.What is the relationship between “Number of cells” and “Time”? 3.What affect does temperature have on the reproduction of bacteria? YouTube Steve Spangler growing bacteria 4:03

plants infected by bacteria

Viruses 1.Non-living particles composed of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) 2.Need a host cell to reproduce (demonstration) 3.Use enzymes and organelles of host cell to make more viruses usually killing the host cell 4.Active (i.e. flu) reproduce quickly vs. Inactive (i.e. HIV) viruses reproduce more slowly 5.Modes of Transmission (bacteria or viruses): direct contact, water, body fluids, airborne, vector ( carries the pathogen without getting the illness) or carrier (carries the pathogen and can get the illness) 6.Vaccines (weakened form of pathogen) and some anti-viral drugs may control or prevent the spread 7.Active immunity: you make antibodies (i.e. hepatitis, measles, etc.); Passive immunity; antibodies are injected (passed) into you (i.e. rabies) 8.Viral diseases: rabies, influenza (flu), AIDS, common cold, HPV, hepatitis, and more “Introduction to Viruses” 5:46

Viral Replication NPR virus program: 3:24 min.

1.If you are infected with one of these viruses and are prescribed an antibiotic, how long do you think it will take for the antibiotic to destroy the virus? 2.Why it is necessary to get an influenza vaccination each year?

Antibiotics will have NO AFFECT on viruses!

Viruses & Plants Tomato Mosaic on Tomato Plant Tomato Mosaic Virus Tobacco Mosaic on Cucumbers

“The Biology of Viruses” 18:00 (Skip 4 lines between each question.) 1.Why did it take so long for scientists to discover viruses? 2.How do viruses invade our bodies? 3.What affect may viruses have on plants? 4.What defenses do we have against viruses? 5.What does it mean when pathogens are “cultured”?

“Science in Action Virus Mutation” 3: Key Points -antigen:a substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody -mutation: genetic changes -emerging:new strains -resistance: Resistance means that a pathogen (virus, bacteria, etc.) has changed in such a way that medications are ineffective in preventing the pathogen from reproducing

Size Comparisons “You Make Me Sick” pathogen activity

Modes of Transmission Transmission Activity with Objects (Germ Glo) Lab: Growing Bacteria in Agar Mike Rowe YouTube Program - bathroom: 2:22 minutes - dog’s mouth: 3:08 minutes -cough/sneeze: 2:51 minutes bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, protist, etc. What transmitted the pathogen? How is the pathogen transmitted? How does the pathogen enter the body? What organism does the pathogen infect?

The True Story of Typhoid Mary 7:54 PBS NOVA 51:16

Fungi 1.Eukaryotic (multicellular), nonphotosynthetic organisms 2.Most are multicellular heterotrophs (consume food); unicellular ones include yeasts, molds, and mildews 3.Reproduction: - most reproduce both sexually and asexually (producing spores) providing adaptive advantage; -with a favorable environment, rapid asexual reproduction ensures an increased spread of species; -during environmental stress, sexual reproduction ensures genetic recombination increasing the likelihood that offspring will be better adapted to the new environmental conditions. 4.May attack tissues of living plants and animals causing disease; food sources may also be affected creating competition between humans and fungi 5.Mold spores (airborne) can cause allergies in humans 6.Are decomposers (break down organic matter)

Tinea corporis (under skin) Athlete's foot (tinea pedis or foot ringworm)

Grey mold on raspberries Smut—a fungus—on corn About 80 percent of plant diseases can be traced to fungi.

Decomposers are the last stop on the food chain, they consume the things no one else wants to. Decomposers many times consume dead things from the ground in order to get nutrients. Some of the most common decomposers are bacteria, worms, slugs, snails, and fungi (like mushrooms).

Parasites 1.An organism that lives on or in another individual known as the “host” while feeding on the host; may or may not kill host 2.Natural selection “Survival of the Fittest” favors adaptations that allow parasite to exploit (use) the host 3.Are usually specialized anatomically and physiologically (i.e. tapeworms live in the small intestine of the host to absorb nutrients and do not have a digestive system, hooks on hookworms 4.Infectious diseases (can be spread) linked to parasites living in intestines, bloodstream or tissues (“Monsters Inside Me”) * “Parasitism in fluke worms” Poster Project (YouTube video about hookworm transmission) 2:07 min.

Parasites that Infect Humans slideshow ( show 1-8) “5 Scariest Parasites” 3:25

What is the relationship between population density and transmission of pathogens ? (Bikini Bottom Demonstration) 1.Which class period, 3 rd or 4 th, has a higher population density? 2.Mrs. Mudd is infected with the influenza virus. If she teaches both 3 rd and 4 th periods, the students in which class will most likely be contaminated with the influenza virus? Why? 3.What may be possible modes of transmission for the influenza virus? 4.Is Mrs. Mudd a vector or carrier of the illness? Explain. 5.How may the transmission of the virus be eliminated or reduced? 3 rd Period 4 th Period Mrs. Mudd

Guidelines: 1.Put your information on a ½ - 1 page piece of copy paper or card stock. 2.On the right side, add information for each of the 6 areas. 3.Put a heading for each of the 5 areas. 4.Do not use loose leaf paper. 5.They can be done on the computer or by hand. 6.Use landscape format. 7.Save your work in the “Mudd” folder on the S drive/Student Share in your class folder.  Computer  S drive  StudentShare  Mudd folder  class period folder Name of Parasite: ________________________ Image Parasite Information 1.Associated Diseases: 2.Mode(s) of Transmission: 3.Method of Prevention: 4.Where outside of the body does the parasite live? 5. Symptoms of Infection: Parasite Information : Name _________________________________ Class _______

Spread of Disease: Outbreak Outbreak: happens when a disease occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community or region, or during a season -May occur in one community or even extend to several countries -Can last from days to years -Sometimes a single case of a contagious disease is considered an outbreak (with unknown or rare cases) -Outbreaks may be considered as an “epidemic” or “pandemic”. What is the relationship between population density and spread of disease?

Epidemic: an illness or health-related issue showing up in more cases than would normally be expected Occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people (i.e. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 2003, malaria in Africa, Population density affects the spread of disease (demonstration) As a class, demonstrate an increase in population density followed by a decrease in population density. You all receive a “bonus grade” if this task is correctly accomplished within 2 minutes. (Noise level 2)

Pandemic: typically is in a widespread area (usually worldwide) rather than confined to a particular location or region and affects global populations -Diseases may start as epidemics and become pandemics *influenza (flu) *Swine flu started in Mexico City as an epidemic and has become a pandemic (New Zealand, Israel, Scotland and others) *Spanish flu (1918): million died *Asian flu (1957): 2 million killed *Hong Kong flu (1968): 1 million killed *Black Plague -An influenza (flu) pandemic occurs when a new subtype of virus arises (mutation) -If people have not been exposed to pathogens (viruses or bacteria) before, their immune systems are not ready to fight it off and more people become ill -Pandemics do not always mean millions of death; it means a geographically widespread epidemic (worldwide) -Transmission: affects of air travel; modes of transmission; population density