The Progressive Movement By: Rachel and Charlie Block: 7

Insight into the Era ★ The Progressive Movement ○ Economic, political, social and moral reforms ○ Changes American lifestyles ■ solving issues ● result of the economic boom of Industrialization.

What Caused the Progressive Movement? 2 Reasons

The Gilded Age ★ Gilded Age: ○ period of growth after Reconstruction ○ industrial growth and increased immigration

1. Aftermath of the Gilded Age ★ Political Corruption ★ Large Gap in Social Classes ★ Unjust Practices of Robber Barons: ○ American Capitalists ○ Late 19th Century ○ Became Wealthy through Exploitation

2.) Poor Working Conditions for Laborers: ★ Working conditions were unsafe and could cause harm to workers

★ Long hours, Low wages, No job security, No employee benefits

★ Children were employed at young ages and had jobs such as in factories

Living Conditions ★ Poor lived in cramped, dirty living conditions in cheap housing, aka Tenements

Goals of the Progressive Movement

★ Improve living conditions for poor whites and blacks ★ Eliminate corruption ★ Effect social justice

★ Encourage people to participate in government ★ Create more economical and social opportunities with oversight by the government

Accomplishments of the Era

Local Governments: ★ New governments due to the needs of Urbanization: ○ Commissioner-style: ■ Small elected body ■ serve on a at-large basis ○ City-Manager-style: an ■ elected council selects a city manager ■ carry out day-to-day administrative tasks

State Governments: ★ Referendums: a popular vote on a particular issue ★ Initiative:plan or program that intends to solve a problem ★ Recall: an official can be removed from office by a vote

Elections: ★ Primary Elections ○ When pres. candidates are chosen ★ 17th Amendment: ○ “two senators from each state, elected by the people” ★ Secret Ballot ○ Printed list of candidates marked in secret

Child Labor: ★ Muckraking: ○ AKA Muckraking journalism ○ accounts of political and economic corruption and social hardships ○ power-hungry big businesses. ★ Child labor laws ○ Restricts who can work by their age ○ Ensures safe working conditions

Effects of Labor Unions: ★ Organizations: ○ Knights of Labor: ■ first major national labor union in the US ■ formed 1869 ○ American Federation of Labor: ■ major group of labor unions ■ founded in 1886 ■ Samuel Gompers

○ American Railway Union ■ Eugene V. Debs ■ 1893 ■ United Rail workers ○ International Ladies Garment Workers’ Union ■ 1900 ■ Represented major garment making centers in major cities

★ Haymarket Square Riot(1886): ○ Radical labor activists arrested ■ Seen as Martyrs ★ Homestead Strike (1892): ○ Protest against Carnegie Steel Company ○ Inspired workers, but prove it was hard to form a union to go against a corporation Strikes

★ Pullman Strike (1894): ○ Walk out by rail workers ○ Turned into a national strike ○ Targeted concerns such as labor unrest, socialism, and efforts to balance economic interest and capitalism

★ Limited working hours ★ Improvement in working conditions Gains

Antitrust Laws (1890): ★ Sherman Anti-Trust Act: Prevents business structures from dominating sectors and creating monopolies

★ Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914): Expands on Sherman Anti-Trust Act and further clarifies

Women’s fight for equality: Women’s suffrage (1848) ★ Women’s suffrage was a time where women fought for equal status in society by expressing their right to vote ★ Encouraged women to join workforce during WWI

★ They had strong leaders that sparked a massive movement within women to fight towards their equality ○ Susan B. Anthony ○ Elizabeth Cady Stanton

★ Susan B. Anthony: ○ Formed the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) ■ Now the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) (Progressive)

★ Elizabeth Cady Stanton: ○ Organized the first women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls (Digital)

○ Took Radical actions for congress to pass the 19th Amendment ○ White House Protest: Women formed a picket line around the white house ■ Over 200 arrests were made (Today) the-sufferin-suffragettes/

★ 19th Amendment (1919): Women’s right to vote ○ Became a symbol as this victory empowered women and led to future reforms for women’s rights (Progressive)

Sources: ★ "Digital History." Digital History Web. 04 Apr ★ Huynh, Nathan, Lorenzo Phrasavath, and Daniel Bohl. "Progressive Era Photo Exhibit." Progressive Era Photo Exhibit. Web. 04 Apr ★ "Today in History." Picketing for Suffrage. The Library of Congress. Web. 04 Apr ★ Sherman's Anti-Trust Act (1890). (n.d.). Retrieved April 05, 2016 ★ American Railway Union. (2003). Retrieved April 05, 2016 ★ History.com Staff. "Homestead Strike." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 07 Apr ★ "Pullman Strike." Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, Web. 07 Apr ★ "Gilded Age ( )." Gilded Age ( ). Web. 08 Apr ★ “Robber Baron”. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 08 Apr ★ “Referendum”. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 08 Apr ★ "COMMISSION FORM OF CITY GOVERNMENT." RICE, BRADLEY R.Texas State Historical Association. Web. 08 Apr ★ "Forms of Municipal Government." Forms of Municipal Government. National League of Cities. Web. 08 Apr ★ "17th Amendment." LII / Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School. Web. 08 Apr ★ "Muckraker." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 08 Apr ★ "Knights of Labor (KOL)."Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 08 Apr ★ "American Federation of Labor." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 08 Apr ★ "Pioneering Social Reformer Jacob Riis Revealed ‘How The Other Half Lives’ in America." Smithsonian. Smithsonian. Web. 08 Apr ★ "The Voter's Self Defense System." Project Vote Smart. Web. 08 Apr ★ “Recall”. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 08 Apr ★ “Initiative”. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 08 Apr ★ “Australian Ballot”. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 08 Apr

Activity! (Keep this on the DL, it’s not an OPVL!)