Presented By CHANDRA BHOOSHAN SINGH M.Sc. (Agril.) Prev. SSAC,CoA,Raipur Department of Soil Science And Agricultural Chemistry

Introduction Continuous use of chemical fertilizers, increased the crop yield during initial stage, but adversely affected the sustainability at a later stage. Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers especially, urea resulted in deficiency of nutrients other than the applied and caused decline in soil organic Carbon. Hence, judicious application of chemical fertilizers along with manures (organic matter) would help to improve yield.

Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner. Definition By FAO :- ‘The aim of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is to integrate the use of natural and man-made soil nutrients to increase crop productivity and preserve soil productivity for future generations.’

While fertilizer misuse can continue to environmental contamination, it is often an indispensable source of the nutrients required for plant growth and food production. Unless all the soil nutrients removed with the harvested crops are replaced in proper amounts from both organic and sustained; soil fertility will declined. In the past, the emphasis was on increased use of fertilizer, the current approach should aim on educating farmers to optimize use of organic, inorganic and biological fertilizer in an integrated way Plant nutrition to day requires judicious and integrated management of all source of nutrients for sustainable agriculture. Concept of INM

Concept and principles of INM

COMPONENTS OF I.N.M.

2. Mineral fertilizer : super granules, coated urea, direct use of locally available rock phosphate in acid soils,single super phosphate (S.S.P.), MOP and micronutrient fertilizers.

Organic source: By products of farming and allied industries F.Y.M. droppings,crop waste,residues, sewage,sludge industrial waste.

Biological source: Microbial inoculants substitute kg N/hac. Biofertilizers Rhizobium Azotobacter Azospirillum

OBJECTIVES OF INM To maintain or enhance soil productivity through balanced use of mineral fertilizers with organic and biological sources of plant nutrient. To improve the stock of plant nutrients in the soil. To improve the efficiency of plant nutrient, thus limiting losses to environment. To improve physical, chemical and biological conditions of soil.

WHY TO ADOPT INTEGRATED NUTRIENT Management Multiple nutrient deficiencies. Inorganic sources insufficient for nutritional needs of high yielding varieties. Optimal use of available nutrient sources( crop residues cow dung, green manuring crops etc.) Promote sustainable agriculture.

Imbalance in the ratio of NPK consumption. Deterioration of soil health. Pollution hazards of chemical fertilizers. Deterioration in biological activity.

ADVANTAGES OF INM 1. Enhances the availability of applied as well as native soil nutrients. 2.Synchronizes the nutrient demand of the crop with nutrient supply from native and applied sources. 3.Provides balanced nutrition to crops and minimizes the antagonistic effects resulting from hidden deficiencies and nutrient imbalance. 4.Minimizes the deterioration soil, water and ecosystem by promoting sequestration, reducing nutrient losses to ground and surface water bodies and to atmosphere

Chemical fertilizers are easily available and easy to use. Organic manure is not available in own holdings most of time. Storage and retail marketing of organic manure is limited, is not easily accessible to most farmers. Scarcity of labor.

Details of treatments during Kharif and Rabi each year The study of effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and changes in soil fertility in rice based cropping system under semi-arid conditions of Uttar Pradesh. ( International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 2014 ) *RDF = Recommended dose of fertilizer F = FYM (Farm yard manure (10t ha⁻¹) VC = Vermicompost (5t ha⁻¹) NC = Nadep compost (5t ha⁻¹) BC = Biodynamic compost (5kg ha⁻¹) Azos = Azospirillum Azot = Azotobacter GM = Green manuring of sesbania in-situ ha⁻¹ fresh weight) RRI = Rice residue incorporation GHI = Green gram haulms incorporation BHI = Black gram haulms incorporation

Effect of treatments on grain yield of Kharif (Rice) crops (kg ha ⁻ ¹) 4646 Note - T 7 - GM-Rice-Wheat Kharif - NPK (90:60:60) Rabi - RRI+NPK (90:60:60)

Grain yield of wheat (kg ha ⁻ ¹) as influenced by different treatments Note – T 2 - Rice-Wheat Kharif – F+NPK (90:60:60) Rabi - NPK (90:60:60) 4286

Effect of treatments on fertility status of soil ( After and 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th year) Note – T 2 - Rice-Wheat Kharif – F+NPK (90:60:60) Rabi - NPK (90:60:60) T 4 - Rice-Wheat Kharif – NC+NPK (90:60:60) Rabi - NPK (90:60:60)

Long term experiment ( ) was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Kathalagere, Karnataka to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on soil fertility status and productivity of rice-maize cropping sequence. Treatment details of permanent plot experiment on integrated nutrient supply in Rice- Maize cropping system Treatments T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12

Soil properties and available nutrients as influenced by different cropping systems at the end of summer maize crop, T6 : 50% NPK + 50% N (FYM) kharif 100% NPK summer T9 : 75% NPK + 25% N (paddy straw) kharif 75% NPK summer

Yield of Rice (Kgha-1) as influenced by integrated nutrient management in rice- maize cropping sequence ( ).

Yield of Maize (Kgha-1.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management in rice- maize cropping sequence ( ). A. Satish, A.Y. Hugar, Nagaraja Kusagur and H. Chandrappa Agricultural Research Station, (UAS), Kathalagere

Rajiv Dubey*, R.S.Sharma and D.P.Dubey Department of Agronomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya Jabalpur , India

Integrated nutrient management differs from conventional nutrient management in that it considers nutrients from different sources, notably organic materials, nutrients carried over from previous cropping seasons, transformation of nutrients in soil. But in case of conventional farming, people gave more emphasis on grain yield through use of fertilizers,use of high yielding varieties and chemical pesticides along with irrigation facilities. In INM it integrates /combines the objectives of production with ecology and environment, that is optimum crop nutrition,optimum functioning of the soil health, and minimum nutrient losses or other adverse effect on the environment. Integrated nutrient management (INM) has to be considered an integral part of any sustainable agricultural system. HOW I.N.M. DIFFERS FROM CONVENTIONAL FARMING ?

limitations in INM Financial credit is available only for mineral fertilizer. No organized credit system to promote organic fertilizer. Farmers who have domesticated animals, do not have facilities to collect, store and market their animal waste. Low awareness about using bio-fertilizers. Non-availability of water.

Conclusion INM is a practice which optimizes the performance of plant through augmentations of chemical and biological properties of soil. Effective utilization of a combination of bio fertilizers, organic and inorganic fertilizers not only improves and maintains the soil fertility but also increased germination parameters, growth and quality parameters of seedlings in nursery and plantation.