WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES 25-Oct-12 JAYSHREE GOVENDER PURCO SA

25-Oct-12 Every process we as humans engage in, has WASTE as a by-product. Why is Waste a problem? Growing population leads to more waste: South Africans generate 700grams of waste per day Waste:  destroys eco systems  pollutes land and natural water systems  Waste takes up valuable land space  Causes climate change due to Green House gas generation WASTE 2

25-Oct-12 WASTE 3

25-Oct-12 Everyone has the right- (a)to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and (b) to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that- (i) prevent pollution and ecological degradation; (ii) promote conservation; and (iii) secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT – SECTION 24 4

25-Oct-12 Legislation  Framework Constitutional right – Section 24 The National Environmental Management Act, 107 of 1998 (NEMA):Duty of Care and Remediation  Section 28 of NEMA states: “Every person who causes, has caused or may cause significant pollution or degradation of the environment must take reasonable measures to prevent such pollution or degradation from occurring, continuing or recurring, or, in so far as such harm to the environment is authorised by law or cannot reasonably be avoided or stopped, to minimise and rectify such pollution or degradation of the environment.” LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN SOUTH AFRICA 5

25-Oct-12 Objectives of the Act: (a) to protect health, well-being and the environment by providing reasonable measures for- (i)minimising the consumption of natural resources; (ii)avoiding and minimising the generation of waste; (iii)reducing, re-using, recycling and recovering waste; (iv)treating and safely disposing of waste as a last resort; (v)preventing pollution and ecological degradation; (vi)securing ecologically sustainable development while promoting justifiable economic and social development; (vii) promoting and ensuring the effective delivery of waste services; NEMA 6

25-Oct-12 Objectives of the Act (viii) remediating land where contamination presents, or may present, a significant risk of harm to health or the environment; and (ix) achieving integrated waste management reporting and planning; (b)to ensure that people are aware of the impact of waste on their health, well-being and the environment; (c)generally, to give effect to section 24 of the Constitution in order to secure an environment that is not harmful to health and well-being. NEMA 7

25-Oct-12 LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN SOUTH AFRICA 8 Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004 Division of Revenue Act (Act 5 of 2002) Mineral and petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002) Municipal Structures Act (Act 117 of 1998) Municipal Systems Act (Act 108 of 1997) National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) Water Services Act (Act 108 of 1997) Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993) Development Facilitation Act (Act 67 of 1995) National Health Act (Act 61 of 2003) Physical Planning Act (Act 125 of 1991) Hazardous Substances Act (Act 85 of 1993) National Environmental Waste Act (Act 59 of 2008) National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998 ) – Framework |Act The Constitution of the Republic of SA (Act 108 of 1996)

25-Oct-12 LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN SOUTH AFRICA 9 The Constitution (1996) The National Environmental Management Policy (1997) The National Environmental Management Act (1998) NEMA 1st Amendment (2003) NEMA 2nd Amendment (2004) NEM WASTE ACT (2008)

25-Oct-12 The administration of waste management was transferred from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry to the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Bodies that support Department of Environmental Affairs:  Department of Water Affairs  Mineral Resources,  Health  Agriculture  Provincial Departments of Environment Health  Regional Offices of Water Affairs ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 10

25-Oct-12 The Waste Act defines waste as “any substance whether or not that substance can be reduced, re-used, recycled or recovered: that is surplus, unwanted, rejected, discarded, abandoned or disposed of; which the generator has no further use of for the purposes of production; that must be treated or disposed of; or that is identified as a waste by the Minister by notice in the Gazette and includes waste generated by the mining, medical or other sector BUT DEFINITION OF WASTE 11

25-Oct-12 excludes by-products. Once any portion of waste is re-used, recycled or recovered it ceases to be waste.” Re-use, recycling and recovery of waste are listed waste management activities and therefore require licensing. DEFINITION OF WASTE 12

25-Oct-12 Poor Waste Management 13

25-Oct-12 “ Recycle” a process where waste is reclaimed for further use, which process involves the separation of waste from a waste stream for further use and the processing of that separated material as a product or raw material eg. melting down soft drink bottles and casting them as plastic chairs and tables “Re-use” to utilise articles from the waste stream again for a similar or different purpose without changing the form or properties of the articles, eg. old furniture, books, appliances “Recover” the controlled extraction of a material or the retrieval of energy from waste to produce a product, eg: energy-from-waste is the process of creating energy in the form of electricity or heat from the incineration of waste source DEFINITIONS 14

25-Oct-12 Waste Generator / Waste Holder: Any person whose actions, production processes or activities, including waste management activities, creates or results in waste; Waste manifest system: A system of control documentation maintained by the waste generator, waste transporter and waste manager, which accompanies a load of hazardous waste from the point of generation to final management. Waste transporter: A person, organisation, industry or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in the transportation of waste. DEFINITIONS 15

WASTE CATEGORIES 16 GENERAL WASTEHAZARDOUS WASTE WASTE THAT DOES NOT POSE A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH OR THE ENVIRONMENT WASTE THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL, EVEN IN LOW CONCENTRATIONS, TO HAVE A SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE EFFECT ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT BECAUSE OF IT’S INHERENT TOXICOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. EXAMPLE: DOMESTIC WASTE, BUILDERS RUBBLE, GARDEN WASTE, BUSINESS WASTE CHEMICAL WASTE, RADIO ACTIVE WASTE, HEALTH CARE RISK WASTE, E-WASTE

SEPERATION AT SOURCE Separation at source is an action whereby waste is separated into different waste types at the source of generation (e.g. the household, business, or apartment building).Separation at source is an action whereby waste is separated into different waste types at the source of generation (e.g. the household, business, or apartment building). The aim is to separate recyclables from non- recyclables, hazardous from non-hazardous etc. The different types of waste fractions can then be taken directly to a suitable facility i.e. recovery facility, composting facility, hazardous facility, etc.The aim is to separate recyclables from non- recyclables, hazardous from non-hazardous etc. The different types of waste fractions can then be taken directly to a suitable facility i.e. recovery facility, composting facility, hazardous facility, etc. This system has been fairly successful in a number of the European countries.This system has been fairly successful in a number of the European countries. 25-Oct-12 17

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DIFFERENT WASTE SOURCES 25-Oct-12 DOMESTIC WASTE 21 COMMERCIAL WASTE INDUSTRIAL WASTE MINING WASTE

22 - Basis of waste management Waste Hierarchy 25-Oct-12 Prevention Minimisation Reuse Recycling Energy recovery Disposal Least favoured Most favoured

25-Oct-12 IMPLICATIONS OF MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR THE HANDLING, CLASSIFICATION AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE ON INDUSTRY: -Industry must ensure that all hazardous waste generated is handled, transported and disposed of in accordance with acceptable norms and standards within SA. -Classification and rating of hazardous waste influences pretreatment & disposal methods: Transportation costs to permitted hazardous sites Cost reduction by delisting of waste MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE 23

25-Oct-12 Waste generators must at all times ensure that all data records of waste they generate are kept up to date. Everyone from the generator, transporter and manager of hazardous waste must be in possession of a waste manifest document. Regulations defines the requirements for waste classification, waste categorisation and the assessment of the risks associated with the disposal of waste, and for the transport, handling and storage of waste, including the requirements for the tracking of waste MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 24

25-Oct-12  Large number of treatment options available, dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste, i.e, on the classification:  Thermal treatment,  Chemical treatment,  Biological treatment,  Neutralisation,  Ash Blending,  Precipitation,  Evaporation,  Encapsulation HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT 25

25-Oct-12 “ Problem Wastes TYRES – float to surface in the waste fill BULKY ITEMS – such as fridges and car bodies are difficult to manage FIBRES, DUST and POWDERS – are often a health risk, are difficult to dispose except at the bottom of the cell, and are readily blown in the wind Liquids and Sludge’s add to the moisture surplus in the fill and may be toxic and hazardous MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 26

25-Oct-12 “ Problem Wastes PATHOLOGICAL WASTES: emanates from the hospitals and may contain disease bandages, contaminated syringe needles and other waste RADIOACTIVE WASTE: should not be dumped at any site apart from that controlled by the SOUTH AFRICAN NUCLEAR ENERGY CORPORATION (NECSA) WASTE REQUIRING PRETREATMENT: could include strong acids and alkalis, corrosive substances, highly flammable substances, etc. MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 27

25-Oct-12 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL BY LANDFILLaste Information S Minimum requirements are included as permit/license conditions and enforced as part of the license/permit Existing landfills that are unable to comply with the appropriate Minimum Requirements within an agreed period will have to be remediated in order to ensure compliance or close down according to the Minimum Requirements for closure 28

25-Oct-12 Information S MANAGEMENT OF LANDFILLS 29

30 Waste Type G General Waste H Hazardous Waste Landfill Size C Communal Landfill S Small Landfill M Medium Landfill L Large Landfill h Hazard Ratings 3 & 4 H Hazard Ratings 1-4 Climatic Water Balance Minimum Requirements B-B+B-B+B-B+B-B+ B = No significant leachate will be generated in terms of the Climatic Water Balance calculation so that leachate management is not required. B+ = Significant leachate will be generated in terms of the Climatic Water Balance calculation so that leachate management an/or containment is required. h = A containment landfill which accepts Hazardous waste with Hazard Ratings 3 (MODERATE HAZARD)and 4 (LOW HAZARD). H = A containment landfill which accepts all Hazardous waste, i.e., with Hazard Ratings 1 (EXTREME HAZARD,2 (HIGH HAZARD),3 (MODERATE HAZARD) AND 4 (LOW HAZARD). LANDFILL CLASSIFICATION TABLE

25-Oct-12 Information S END USE OF LANDFILLS 31 -The most common landfill end-use is open space -In the case of G landfills  the open space is usually used for the purpose of sport and recreation  Other end-users also exist and will be accepted if they are safe  Only approved structures will be permitted on top of or adjacent to any closed landfill -In the case of H landfills, The nature of the waste contained within the site precludes any public access to the closed landfill

25-Oct INDUSTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS Why an IMWP? Waste Act: The Minister or MEC may, by notice in the Gazette, require any person, category of persons, industry or organ of State that produces waste to prepare and submit an IWMP to the Minister for approval. Content of IWMP: Waste stream analysis Measures to prevent pollution or ecological degradation Targets for waste reduction, minimise consumption of natural resources, public awareness mechanisms

25-Oct INDUSTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS Benefits of an IWMP -Holistic and methodical approach to Waste Management -Management of Waste according to Waste Hierarchy -Peace of Mind – Environmentally compliant waste management system -Preparedness for Waste Management Audits -Reduction in the amount of waste to landfill -Promotes waste minimisation -Promotes waste seperation at source -Waste Information readily available

25-Oct SA WASTE INFORMATION SYSTEM SphereRoleResponsibility National DEANational custodian of WIS and waste information for South Africa Collect from provinces, verify, collate and disseminate national information. Maintenance, updates & expansion to the WIS. Provincial Departments of Environment Provincial custodian of waste information Collect, verify and submit provincial information to DEA Local AuthoritiesProviders of data to the WIS. Support to Provincial Authorities Provide accurate, reliable and timeous data to Provinces. Assess that all reporting facilities within municipal area are registered and reporting Private FacilitiesProviders of data to the WISProvide accurate, reliable and timeous data to provinces

25-Oct CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Failures to comply with the constitutional duty to protect the environment, statutory requirements and the common law may give rise to consequences including:  Inspections  Suspension and withdrawal of authorisations, licences and permits  Directives and compliance notices  Remediation costs  Criminal sanctions  Corporate and individual liability  Administrative law remedies including appeals and reviews  Reputational risk

ACTION BY PURCO SA MEMBERS 1.BUILDING GREEN: What defines a green building? It is primarily an energy and resource efficient construction which is also environmentally responsible in terms of its design, construction and subsequent day-to-day operations. 2.RECYCLING 3.CREATING A POLICY FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT 4.REDUCING CARBON FOOTPRINT 5.COMPLIANCE TO NATIONAL LAWS 6.RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT 7.APPOINTMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT CHAMPION 25-Oct-12 36

25-Oct-12 Financially sound business practices Turnover is crucial Legal compliance: certification/licensing ISO compliant Is the business environmentally responsible? Previous and current contracts Reputation in the Industry Ownership of treatment plant and/or disposal facilities WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A RESPONSIBLE SERVICE PROVIDER 37

25-Oct-12 The Contractor must provide the University/Client with the following legal certifications: Destruction certificate or certificate of save disposal for any and all hazardous waste removed. A closed manifest system, including the amounts of hazardous waste removed, transported and taken to a disposal or destruction facility needs to be in place. CERTIFICATIONS 38

PURCO IS A MEMBER OF THE INSTITIUTE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SOUTH AFRICA ACCESS TO BEST PRACTICE TRENDS, LATEST WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY AND LEGISLATION 25-Oct-12 IWMSA 39

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THANK YOU 23/10/