Volcanoes. Volcano: Opening in the earth through which lava flows and the material that builds up on the surface around the opening.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes

Volcano: Opening in the earth through which lava flows and the material that builds up on the surface around the opening.

Magma vs. Lava Magma: Liquid rock inside the earth

Lava: Magma that erupts onto the earth’s surface

What causes a volcano to erupt? Hot, liquid rock is less dense than solid rock so it rises

As more rock melts it expands upwards and melts more solid rock along the way

Eventually it forces through cracks in the surface

Where do volcanoes occur? Subduction Zones

Mid-ocean ridges

Hot spots: volcanoes in middle of a plate New volcanoes form as plate moves past hot spot

Types of Volcanoes Shield Volcano: Broad at the base with gently sloping sides, quiet eruptions

Cinder Cones: Made when solid fragments called pyroclasts are ejected from volcano, violent eruptions Very steep sides Only a few hundred meters high

Composite/Stratovolcanoes: Made up of alternating quiet and explosive eruptions Makes layers of different hardened rock Best known of all volcano types Ex: Mt. Fuji, Mt. Rainier, Mt. Hood, Mt. Shasta, and Mt. St. Helens

1980

2005