The Reformation

What were some causes of the Reformation? -Renaissance emphasized the (non-religious) and the __________ (Humanism). -_____________ allowed more people to read and gain differing opinions What forms of corruption existed within the Church during the Late Middle Ages? Popes used ___________________ to force monarchs to obey the Church many ______________ were illiterate some officials lead lives of luxury and leisure some clergy: charged repentant Christians to see ___________________and objects sold ____________________ to the highest bidder, this is called (simony) sold ____________________ You could buy a certificate that would remove your sins. To be kicked out of a church The use of vernacular writing also increased literacy Secular Individual Printing Press Excommunication Priests Holy Remains church offices (positions) Indulgences

Early Calls for Reform Who were some of the first people to speak out against Church corruption and teachings? John Wycliffe of England Thought Christians didn't need _________ or sacraments to achieve salvation Regarded the ____________ as most important source of religious authority Completed first translation of Bible into ___________ Outcome: the Church badly treated his followers as _______________ Jan Huss of Bohemia criticized wealth of Church wanted ____________________ conducted in the language of the worshippers opposed the sale of ________________ outcome: was _____________________for refusing to accept importance of Church rituals Church Bible English Heretics Mass (Church Services) Indulgences Burned at the stake

Luther Challenges the Church From 1512 until his death, Martin Luther taught scripture at the University of ________________in the German state of Saxony. Luther only wanted to be a good Christian, not to lead a religious ________________. Johann Tetzel was selling _______________(or pardons for sins) to raise money for the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Tetzel gave the impression that buying indulgences would guarantee your acceptance into heaven. Angered by the selling of indulgences, Luther wrote the__________, or formal statements. On October 31, 1517, Luther posted the statements on the door of a church. He merely wanted other scholars to ___________him on the topic of indulgences. With the help of the__________________, Luther’s ideas were quickly spread throughout Germany. His actions would lead to a movement for religious reform known as the _____________. Luther’s main beliefs included: Salvation was attainable through one’s ________in God not by performing “good works” as the Church had taught. Church teachings should be based on the words of the _____________. All people of faith were equal and didn’t need ____________to interpret the Bible for them. Wittenburg Indulgences revolution 95 Theses Debate Printing Press Reformation Faith Bible Priests Salvation = the act of saving someone from sin

The Response to Luther In 1520, Pope ______________threatened Luther with _________________unless he took back his statements. Luther responded to the Pope’s written orders by throwing the decree (judgment) into a____________. The Holy Roman Emperor ____________issued the imperial order called the _________________which declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic. No one was allowed to provide food and shelter to Luther and his books were to be burned. While in hiding, Luther translated the New Testament into _____________. Instead of seeking additional reforms within the Catholic Church, Luther and his followers created a separate religious group known as the________________. Leo X Excommunication Bon Fire Charles V Edit of Worms German Lutherans

Martin Luther and the Beginning of the Reformation Why did his reforms create widespread revolt in Germany? ____________, believing everyone was equal under God, revolted against their lords. As many as ____________ of the peasants were killed during the peasant revolt. _____________, who wanted freedom from the __________, seized Church land. Princes, who were opposed to the Pope (protesting princes) became known as _______________. The term is used to describe Christians who belonged to non- Catholic churches. * Peace of Augsburg: allowed the Princes to decide on the religion of their state. Why did Protestantism spread beyond Germany? People were tired of Church _____________ and _________________ Charismatic individuals questioned Church teachings and provided leadership rising ________________ allowed for rapid _________________ Peasants 100,000 PrincesPope Protestant Abuses Corruption Literacy RateSpread of Ideas

______________ (1525): founded by dissatisfied followers of Zwingli thought Christians should not be ______________until adulthood believed true Christians should form a separate community The Reformation Spreads Throughout Europe Calvinists (1534): founded by __________________________ believed in ____________________(God had predetermined who would obtain salvation) thought a disciplined, austere life would prove who had been chosen Anglicans (1534): founded by ___________________________ King Henry enraged by pope's decision not to grant him_____________ believed the _____________, not the pope, was supreme religious authority of England broke away, but beliefs were almost the same as _____________________ Anababtists Babtized John Calvin Predestination King Henry VIII A Divorce Monarch The Catholic Church

The Catholic Church's Response to the Reformation Reformed the Church from Within Pope Paul III ( ) led the Counter, or promoted reform-minded cardinals to Curia (similar to an advisory board) had catalogued called meeting at Trent to deal Council of Trent ( ) defined Catholic beliefs and corrected abuses sale of indulgences prohibited simony outlawed seminaries established to train parish priests monasteries and convents cleansed of immoral clergy Catholic Reformation Church abuses With growth of Protestantism

Slide 3.2E: The Catholic Church's Response to the Reformation Tried to Stop the Spread of Protestantism Jesuits (1540) Led by Ignatius of Loyola Created superb schools, well trained in both classical studies and theology Convert non-Christians to Catholicism. Sent out missionaries Stop the spread of Protestantism. Returned Poland and southern Germany to Catholic countries. Index of Prohibited Books (1559) list of banned books which Catholics were forbidden to read list included Protestant Bibles and some scientific writings Inquisition (1542) church court designed to judge and convict heretics imprisoned, exiled or executed those with unorthodox views Study of religion