 Martin Luther  John Calvin

 Lived from in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

 He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Eventually his words were printed (using the new printing press) and spread throughout Germany. This was the beginning of the Reformation movement. Who was Martin Luther?

WHAT WAS PRINTED?

 A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

 Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas  The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

Goal of the Reformation Politically, German princes hoped the reformation would weaken the power of Catholic Church and help them escape the rule of the Pope. This would make Monarchies (King’s governments) stronger.

Martin Luther Religious Effects –Pope did not speak for God –Church and priests not necessary for salvation –God’s grace given to all who seek it Political Effects –Peasant war –Northern Europe became Protestant

Can you explain the importance of what Martin Luther did?

B. John Calvin ( )

Calvinism In 1530, the Protestant movement gave way to the teachings of John Calvin. Calvin wrote an important book that gave structure to Protestant beliefs. He taught that people are sinful by nature.

(1) Background More of a scholar than Luther Relied on the Bible

(2) Teaching Predestination The right of rebellion More of a stress on works than Luther Divine calling to all sorts of vocations Government serves the Church Just war position

Calvinism taught predestination, the idea that God determines beforehand who will be saved.. Calvinism

Do you understand predestination?

Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian

 Started in Switzerland – Calvinists  England = Puritans  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

Europe after the Reformation