Olympe de Gouges “Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights.”

What is bias?? Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Old Textbook Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

1789 – August 27 th National Assembly adopted the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen” (DoRoMac) Stated “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” Reflected many Enlightenment ideals

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: Revolutionary patriotism borrows familiar iconography of the Ten Commandments

1790 – Reforms led to Church lands being taken over by National Assembly Catholic Church lost political independence Many Church owned properties were sold to solve economic problems These reforms angered many peasants, who were devout Catholics

1791 – June Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette try fleeing to Austrian Netherlands Feared for their lives Caught and forced to return to Paris under guard From this point on many consider Louis a trader to the revolution

1791 – September National Assembly completed new constitution, approved by Louis Legislative Assembly was new lawmaking body Could create laws & approve or reject any wars declared by the King

1792 – April Radicals in the assembly wanted to spread their revolution across Europe Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria Prussia joined Austria against France to support Louis XVI and preserve monarchy across Europe

1792 – August 20,000 men and women invaded Louis’ palace in Paris, killed his guards, and imprisoned him and the royal family

1792 – September Fearing a royalist uprising, Parisians in support of the Revolution murdered over 1,000 prisoners (mostly royalists, nobles and clergymen) Known as the September massacres

Considered the radical/violent period of the revolution

1793 – January 21 st Legislative Assembly votes to have Louis XVI executed via guillotine Found him guilty of committing treason

July 1793 through July 1794 – Reign of Terror! Led by Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety Goal was to rid France of “enemies of the Revolution” Appx. 40,000 people executed as enemies of the revolution Mostly via guillotine Ended with Robespierre being executed himself as a traitor

Maximilien Robespierre

Who was safe? NO ONE –Robespierre himself is put to the guillotine 1 year after he gained power

Moderate leaders of National Convention draft new government Third since 1789 Placed power firmly in hands of the upper- middle class Called for a two-house legislature Executive power was given to a five man directory

Vocab/People Declaration of the Rights of Man Legislative Assembly Émigrés Sans-culottes National Convention Jacobins Guillotine Maximilien Robespierre Committee of Public Safety Reign of Terror

Sans-culottes (“Without knee-breeches”) was a term created by the French aristocracy to describe the poorer members of the 3 rd Estate. Their distinctive costume featured the pantalon (long-trousers), carmagnole (short-skirted coat), red cap of liberty and sabots (clogs)