Bellringer: 4/18 + 4/19 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Use the image to the right to fill in your Africa map. 3. Update your ToC: – 140: Notes: Africa – 141: Maps: Africa & the Americas – 142: Folk Legends Reading/Chart

SAHARA DESERT Niger River Congo River Zambezi River Limpopo River Timbuktu

Rulers of the Nile: Egypt Egypt

Rulers of the Nile: Kush EgyptKush (Nubia)

Rulers of the Nile: Assyria, Persia, Rome EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome)

Rulers of the Nile: Assyria, Persia, Rome EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome)

Rulers of the Nile: Assyria, Persia, Rome EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome)

Rulers of the Nile: Aksum EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome) Aksum

What were three geographically important features around the empire of Aksum? 1. Red Sea 2. Rivers 3. Arabian Peninsula

Aksum Aksum was a prosperous trading empire Traded with Europe, Arabia, Egypt, Persia, India

Aksum Where is it? – Ethiopian highlands – Became the Ethiopians Adopted Christianity – Stayed Christian until modern times

Aksum Cool facts – Written language (Ge’ez) – Steles

Great Zimbabwe Powerful inland trade city in Southern Africa – Powerful because it’s near gold Power through trade – Zambezi and Limpopo rivers, Indian Ocean coast of Africa

Great Zimbabwe Mysterious – Giant circular walls that don’t look defensive – City was suddenly abandoned

Great Zimbabwe Mysterious – Giant circular walls that don’t look defensive – City was suddenly abandoned

West Africa What is the most important geographic feature of West Africa?

West Africa

Trade West Africa has something everybody wants West Africa needs something they can get from the desert What’s the best way to get stuff across a desert? GOLD! Salt Camels

Gold-Salt Trade Know this.

Gold-Salt Trade Gold: west and south Africa  world Salt: the Sahara  west Africa  world Ideas and goods: Mediterranean region into Sub-Saharan Africa – Islam expands through trade, not war

West African Empires All three West African Empires became powerful in the same way = TRADE! – Control the trade ! People who lived where the best gold mines were built armies and conquered everyone else

1. Ghana First empire in West Africa Led by a king – Controlled the supply of gold – Collected taxes – Protected traders Safety Fairness

2. Mali Gold mines shifted east so new people take over Sundiata = creates an empire, first emperor (“mansa”) of Mali Mansa Musa = most famous of the Mali leaders – Expands empire – Hajj Ibn Battuta: historian/traveler Timbuktu – center of trade

3. Songhai Gold mines shifted east so new people take over Continue gold/salt trade into 1500s-1600s Conquered by Moroccans with guns (effects of industrialization)

Religion in Africa Original African religion was based on the belief in nature and ancestor spirits, called animism Trade spreads Islam throughout West Africa and East African coast – Mali and Songhai

Map Activity + Folk Legends Activities Once you’re finished with the map, you can begin your West African folk legends reading. It contains 3 short stories. After reading each one, fill in the corresponding row on the folk legends chart. You will have the rest of class to work on this. If you do not finish, it becomes your homework. Homework: Finish folk legends chart; bring your textbooks next class

Folktales