HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Review in slides Male Sex Workers

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific 2 Data availability and population size estimates HIV prevalence and epidemiology Risk behaviors Vulnerability and HIV knowledge National Response CONTENT

Data availability and population size estimates

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Male sex workers (MSW) size estimates, countries where data is available, CountryEstimated male sex workersYear of Estimate 1 Bangladesh11, , Malaysia5, Nepal10, , Highway Districts4, , Kathmandu Valley5, , Pakistan63, Thailand18, Source: Prepared by based on 1. icddr-b. (2012). Experience Conducting Male Sexual Health Survey and MSM Mapping and Enumerations in Bangladesh. Presented at the South Asia Regional MSM and Transgender Size Estimation Workshop: Strengthening National Reporting on HIV among MSM and Transgender persons Colombo, Sri Lanka; 2. Ministry of Health Malaysia, & World Health Organization. (2009). National Consensus Workshop: Estimation and Projection of the HIV Epidemic; 3. HIV/AIDS and STI Control Board, & National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2011). Mapping and Size Estimation of Most-At-Risk- Population in Nepal-2011: Vol.1 Male Sex Workers, Transgender, and their Clients; 4. National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Inter-Provincial Coordination. (2012). Pakistan Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2012; and 5. Sub-Technical Working Group on Projection and Estimation, Situation Analysis Working Group. (2012). Size Estimation for Sex Workers, Power Point Presentation at Size Estimation Stakeholder Seminar, 10th January, 2012, Richmond Hotel, Nonthaburi.

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Inclusion of MSW in sentinel and bio-behavioural surveys 5 Country Sentinel and/or Bio-behavioural surveys Behavioural surveysComment 1 BangladeshHSS 2011BSS Fiji-Behavioural study NepalIBBS 2009 MSM/MSW 4 PakistanSGS PNGIBBS PhilippinesIBBS Thailand IBBS 2010 HSS 2012 IBBS 2010 Source: Prepared by based on HIV Sentinel Surveys and Bio-Behavioural Surveyswww.aidsdatahub.org

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Data availability of MSW specific epidemic and response indicators by country, based on the global AIDS reporting HIV prevalence Condom use with their most recent client Prevention coverage HIV testing coverage 1.Bangladesh 2.Indonesia 3.Nepal 4.Pakistan 5.Papua New Guinea 6.Philippines 7.Thailand Source: Prepared by based on

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSM who sold sex to men, Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveyswww.aidsdatahub.org

HIV prevalence and epidemiology

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific HIV prevalence among MSW, countries where data is available, Source: Prepared by based on 1.Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2.HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money Boys and Non-commercial Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA. * Shenzhen, ** Port Moresby

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific HIV prevalence data on MSW is scarce but it indicates higher HIV prevalence than FSW in most of the countries, Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3)

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Syphilis prevalence among MSW, countries where data is available, Source: Prepared by based on 1.J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money Boys and Non-commercial Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA. ; 2.Kelly, A., Kupul, M., et al. (2011). Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales.; 3. IEDCR, & ICDDR, B. (2011). National HIV Serological Surveillance, 2011 Bangladesh - 9th Round Technical Report.; 4.Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009www.aidsdatahub.org

Risk behaviours

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Average duration in the profession of selling sex among MSW, countries where data is available, Source: Prepared by based on 1.National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey : Technical Report.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011www.aidsdatahub.org

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Average number of clients among MSW in the last month, * Last week Source: Prepared by based on 1.National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey : Technical Report.; 2. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 3. New ERA, STD/AIDS Counseling and Training Services, & FHI. (2009). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBBS) Men who have Sex with Men in Kathmandu Valley: Round III ; 4. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSW reported condom use at last sex, Source: Prepared by based on

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSW reported consistent condom use with male clients, Source: Prepared by based on 1. National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey : Technical Report.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. New ERA, STD/AIDS Counseling and Training Services, & FHI. (2009). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBBS) Men who have Sex with Men in Kathmandu Valley: Round III ; 4.Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales.; 5. Cai, W.-D., Zhao, J., Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(1), * with one time paying male anal sex partner

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSW who reported transactional sex with female, Source: Prepared by based on 1. National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey : Technical Report.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3.Cai, W.-D., Zhao, J., Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(1), ; 4.Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSW with overlapping risk behaviours, countries where data is available, * In last year ** In last 6 months *** Ever injected drugs; Had sexual partner who inject drugs Source: Prepared by based on 1. National AIDS/STD Programme Bangladesh. (2008). Behavioral Surveillance Survey : Technical Report.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009

Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSW with comprehensive HIV knowledge, Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2010). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.

National response

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSW reached with HIV prevention programmes, Source: Prepared by based on Definition of reach : Know where to go to receive an HIV test and had been given condoms in the last 12 months

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Proportion of MSW who received an HIV test in the last 12 months and know their results, Source: Prepared by based on * denominator is only those who answered HIV testing related questions and not all surveyed population. It is not strictly comparable across countries since methods and sampling varied. In addition, many surveys were conducted in a few urban areas and it might not necessarily reflect prevailing conditions at the national level.

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South Asia 24 Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2013). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in June 2013 Sex WorkersMen who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize brothels Criminalize male- to-male sex Afghanistan YES Bangladesh NOYES Bhutan YES India NOYES NO Maldives YES Nepal NOYESNOT ILLEGALNO Pakistan YES Sri Lanka NOYES

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South-East Asia 25 Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2013). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in June 2013 Sex WorkersMen who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize brothelsCriminalize male-to- male sex Brunei NOT ILLEGALYES Cambodia NOYES NO Indonesia NOT ILLEGAL NO Lao PDR YES NO Malaysia NOT ILLEGALYES Myanmar YES Philippines YES NO Singapore NOYES Thailand YES NO Timor-Leste NO YESNO Viet Nam YES NO

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in East Asia 26 Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2013). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in June 2013 Sex WorkersMen who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize brothelsCriminalize male-to- male sex ChinaYES NO JapanYES NOT ILLEGALNO MongoliaYES NO DPR KoreaYES NO Republic of KoreaYES NO

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in the Pacific 27 Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2013). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in June 2013 *Federated States of Micronesia Sex WorkersMen who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize brothels Criminalize male- to-male sex FijiNOYES NO KiribatiNOYES Marshall IslandsYES NO FSM*YES NO NauruNO NO INFO YES PalauYES Papua New GuineaYESNOT ILLEGALYES SamoaYES Solomon IslandsNOYES TongaNOYES TuvaluNOYES VanuatuNOYESNOT ILLEGALNO

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific 28 THANK YOU slides compiled by Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports. Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please acknowledge if slides are lifted directly from this sitewww.aidsdatahub.org