Chapter 30 Notes AP US History Mrs. Marshall

Election of 1912 William Howard Taft- Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt-Progressive Party (Bull Moose party) His program was called “New Nationalism” Woodrow Wilson- Democratic Party. His Program was “New Freedom” Eugene V. Debs- Socialist Party

Wilson was only 2nd Democrat elected since Had served as President of Princeton University and Governor of New Jersey. Held a doctorate degree.

New Freedom He wanted stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform and lower tariff

Underwood Tariff of 1913 Supported by Wilson Lowered tariffs for the 1st time since Civil War. Bill included an income tax which was permitted by the 16th amendment to the Constitution. Congress enacted a graduated income tax. Income tax was another source of income for the government.

Antitrust Measures Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) passed to strengthen Sherman Act. Made it more difficult for monopolies to form and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations to organize. Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) Created the Federal Trade Commission which had the power to investigate business for the government to see how they operated and if they were breaking the law they could be taken to court. Attempted to end unfair competition.

Terms Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest. Warehouse Act (1916) authorized loans on the security of staple crops. LaFollette Seaman’s Act (1916) required decent treatment and a living wage on American merchant ships.

Terms Workmen’s Compensation Act (1916) granted assistance to federal civil- service employees during periods of disability Adamson Act (1916) established an 8 hour work day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime.

Federal Reserve Act (1913) Divided nation into 12 districts and established a regional central bank in each district. Run by a Board of Governors in D.C. who are appointed by the President and approved by senate. They serve a 14 year term. Current Chairman is Benjamin Bernanke. The Fed has the authority to increase amount of money in circulation and can raise or lower interest rates in order to keep the economy sound.

1920, Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote. Wilson did little as President to promote Civil Rights.

Dollar diplomacy US policy of using nation’s economic power to exert influence over other countries. President Wilson opposed imperialism.

In 1915 President Wilson sent American marines to Haiti to protect American lives and property. They remained for 19 years and Haiti became an American protectorate President Wilson purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark.

Missionary diplomacy The belief of Wilson that the US would not officially recognize governments that was oppressive, undemocratic or opposed to US business interests.

Mexico US Backed dictator, Porfirio Diaz was forced to flee to France Elected successor, Francisco Madera, was murdered by Huerta General Victoriano Huerta took power in 1913 Wilson refused to recognize Huerta’s government

Mexico Incident at Tampico involving US Navy- congress authorized to prevent Huerta from receiving arms from Germany and ordered navy to bombard port of Vera Cruz ABC countries offered to mediate Wilson continued to support Carranza and Pancho Villa Carranza was granted recognition by Wilson Pancho Villa attempted to provoke war the US

Mexico Wilson sent General John J. Pershing in pursuit of Villa Deeper Pershing penetrated into Mexico more agitated Carranza became Wilson withdrew Pershing’s troops Wilson recognized Carranza regime in April 1917 Primary reason Wilson withdrew troops was because the US was facing a war in Europe

4 Causes of World War I Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliances

The Two Sides Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary and later Turkey and Bulgaria Allies France Britain Russia and later Japan, Italy and the United States

Sparking the War June 28, 1914 a young Serbian student killed the archduke and archduchess of Austria-Hungary. Archduke Franz Ferdinand had been heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.

Austria-Hungary declared was on Serbia. Germany then entered the war on side of Austria-Hungary. The Russia entered the war to support Serbia.

America and the War Public opinion in the US was much divided in terms of the war. Most Americans hoped to stay out of the war. 3 things that influenced American’s feelings about the war: Many naturalized US citizens sympathized with the countries from which they came The strong economic ties we had with the Allied nations Many people were outraged over reported German brutalities

President Wilson said the US would remain neutral and would trade with countries on both sides. The war affected American shipping. German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany.

Lusitania May German u-boat (submarine) sank the British passenger ship 1,198 killed of which 128 were Americans

At the demand of Wilson, Germany agreed to limit the use of submarines. Sussex Pledge- Germany promised not to sink passenger ships without warning.

November of 1916 Progressive Party died when Roosevelt refused to run as the party’s presidential candidate. Republican candidate was Charles Evans Hughes Woodrow Wilson was re-elected to a second term. Campaign was built on slogan “He Kept Us Out of War”. Wilson received strong support from the working class.