AP3 EC Movie: tonight, 6 PM sharp (don’t expect entrance if you’re late) Collecting yes/but charts for “Mistakes” prompt HW: Response to article on Barry Bonds: Write min. one page argument in which you agree or disagree with the author’s assertion about steroids and our culture. Gatsby Test: Friday Block Day: Symbolism charts shared Today: symbols assigned, discuss with group

On your own paper, respond to this passage from the end of the novel with TWO comparisons to Chapter One and TWO connections to ideas/events elsewhere in the book. Most of the big shore places were closed now and there were hardly any lights except the shadowy, moving glow of a ferryboat across the Sound. And as the moon rose higher the inessential houses began to melt away until gradually I became aware of the old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailors’ eyes — a fresh, green breast of the new world. Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby’s house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder. And as I sat there brooding on the old, unknown world, I thought of Gatsby’s wonder when he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. He had come a long way to this blue lawn, and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter — to-morrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther.... And one fine morning —— So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.

CA3 EC Movie: tonight, 6 PM sharp (don’t expect entrance if you’re late) Take out a sheet of paper you will turn in. Watch argument power point and review GASCAP/T handout. By the end of the hour, you will turn in answers to the following: 1What type of claim are you making? Defend your answer. 2What are the three warrants you are using to back up your claim? Defend your answers. (you may be using the same warrant more than once. If you are using the same warrant all three times, that is a hint to revise your yes/but chart).

Your paper Know: what kind of argument are you making? (fact, judgment, or policy) Fact: There are large quantities of gum under school desks at BVNW. Judgment: The volume of gum under school desks is a health hazard. Policy: To reduce the amount of gum under desks, the policy against gum chewing should be rescinded to diminish hiding of gum.

Your paper Know: what are the three kinds of warrants that are part of your “but” statement? (GASCAP/T) Generalization Analogy Sign/Clue Cause Authority Principle Testimony

1. Argument based on Generalization A very common form of reasoning. It assumes that what is true of a well chosen sample is likely to hold for a larger group or population, or that certain things consistent with the sample can be inferred of the group/population.

Reasoning by generalization Searching for predictable patterns in details, examples. True in these cases equals usually true of the class. Specific observations: In 2003 we averaged 15 albacore caught In 2004 we averaged 13 albacore caught In 2005 we averaged 16 albacore caught General claim We will probably average more than 10 albacore this year.

2. Argument based on Analogy Extrapolating from one situation or event based on the nature and outcome of a similar situation or event. Has links to 'case-based' and precedent-based reasoning used in legal discourse. What is important here is the extent to which relevant similarities can be established between 2 contexts. Are there sufficient, typical, accurate, relevant similarities?

Reasoning by analogy Observing fundamental similarity between the characteristics of dissimilar cases. Specific observations: Americans are like energy junkies. Oil Producing nations are like pushers. General claim: The U.S. should decrease energy dependence.

3. Argument via Sign/Clue The notion that certain types of evidence are symptomatic of some wider principle or outcome. For example, smoke is often considered a sign for fire. Some people think high SAT scores are a sign a person is smart and will do well in college.

Reasoning by sign Observation of symptoms, conditions,or marks used to prove a certain condition exits. Specific observations: The current water temperature is optimal. Sea life is currently abundant. There are boats around us fishing. General claim: The current likelihood of catching fish is high.

4. Causal Argument Arguing that a given occurrence or event is the result of, or is effected by, factor X. Causal reasoning is the most complex of the different forms of warrant. The big dangers with it are: Mixing up correlation with causation Falling into the post hoc, ergo propter hoc trap. Closely related to confusing correlation and causation, this involves inferring 'after the fact, therefore because of the fact').

Reasoning by causation Observation of a temporal connection between events in which one produces the other. Specific observations: Steroid users develop emotional problems. Steroids decrease sexual drive. Steroids create secondary sexual characteristics. General claim: Steroid use leads to negative consequences.

5. Argument from Authority Does person X or text X constitute an authoritative source on the issue in question? What political, ideological or economic interests does the authority have? Is this the sort of issue in which a significant number of authorities are likely to agree on?

Reasoning by authority Reliance on the credibility of the source of information to warrant acceptance of claim. Specific observations: Professional athletes and team owners rely on the expertise of arbitrators. Doctors and patients utilize arbitration. General Claim: Because I am a professional arbitrator, you should abide by my decision

6. Argument from Principle It’s not about alcohol, it’s about our freedom of speech in a democratic society. Claim: Any proposed change in the drinking age should be put to a vote.

Reasoning by principle Observing similarities in two or more similar cases Specific observations Both Bush presidencies had a war with Iraq. Both Bush presidencies had problems with the economy. Both Bush presidencies altered campaign promises. General Claim: Both Bush presidencies will end up as a single term.