B1.2 Velocity.

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B1.2 Velocity

Scalar: Vector: Scalars and Vectors A scalar quantity has magnitude (size) only, but no direction. Examples include: time, mass, distance and speed. Vector: A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. Examples include: displacement, velocity and force.

Since we stated the direction, position is a VECTOR quantity. The position of an object is the separation between that object and a reference point. (which is usually “zero” on the scale) The position of car B is 1.0 m to the left of the reference. The position of car A is 8.0 m to the right of the reference. Since we stated the direction, position is a VECTOR quantity.

Since we did not state the direction, distance is a SCALAR quantity. Distance, on the other hand, needs no frame of reference. You measure the distance between two objects by measuring their separation. Car A is 9.0 m from car B no matter where you put the reference point. Since we did not state the direction, distance is a SCALAR quantity.

Since we stated the direction, displacement is a VECTOR quantity. The displacement of an object is defined as its change in position, relative to where it started. direction! The car has moved a distance of 5.0 m. The displacement of the car is 5.0 m to the right. Since we stated the direction, displacement is a VECTOR quantity.

Vector Sign Conventions When using vector quantities in formulas, we do not write the directions using words. Instead, we use positive (+) and negative (-) signs. positive directions negative directions forward backward up down right left west east south north

Average Velocity t = 1.2 s 5.0 m The car has a displacement of 5.0 m to the right in 1.2 s. The average velocity of the car is defined as a change in position during a time interval. It is called an average velocity because it does not take into account speeding up and slowing down. = average velocity (m/s) = displacement (m) Δt = time (s) We use the arrows “→” to indicate vector quantities.

5.0 m t = 1.2 s = 4.2 m/s [to the right] Kramer sez: Remember to state the direction with vector quantities! = 4.2 m/s [to the right] Since we stated the direction, average velocity is a VECTOR quantity.

examples: Practice Problems p. 141 8) A student walks 10.0 m [E] in 7.00 s. Then he walks another 12.0 m [E] in 8.00 s. Determine: a) the displacement of the student in 15.00 s 22.0 m [E] b) the average velocity of the student. 1.47 m/s [E] 9) A boat travels at a velocity of 8.00 m/s [N] for 14.0 s. What is the displacement of the boat? 112 m [N] 10) An airplane flying at a velocity of 900 km/h [W] travels 400 km west. How long will the plane be in flight? 0.444 h

The only difference between distance-time graphs and position-time graphs is that direction is included. This means that the slope is equal to the velocity.

Homework: read pages 137 – 144 (omit pages 139 & 140) B1.1 Check and Reflect page 145 #’s 1, 2, 5, 6, 7