Essential Question: Why was exploration and colonization important in the development of Europe and the world? SS6b: Trace the empires of Portugal, Spain, England, and France in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. European Exploration and Colonization (European Empires)

Words to Know Empire: group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government Colonize: to send a group of settlers of a nation to establish political control over the land and the indigenous (native) people of that area

Movie: Avatar How many of you have seen this movie? How is it an example of exploration and colonization?

Empire building After the 14 th century, Europe’s most powerful countries competed to see who could get the most colonies (colony). They wanted to build their Empire by taking over other parts of the world (Imperialism).

Remember Spices and Goods from Asia???  How did the Europeans know about the spices and goods in Asia?  The Crusades ( ) Military expeditions sent by the Popes of the Roman Catholic Church to capture the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslim Turks.  Not successful, but had a few positive results Western Europeans learned to:  Create better maps  Build better ships  Exposed Europeans to spices & goods from Asia  Travels of Marco Polo

Trade Routes to Asia  1400’s—major trade routes from Asia to Europe went through 2 Italian cities (Venice and Genoa)  Italian merchants marked up the prices on the jewels, fragrances, woods and finished goods & sold them throughout Europe.  Portugal, Spain, France, and England resented the huge profits made by Italians.  Since the Italians controlled the trade routes through the Mediterranean Sea, they began to look for other routes to Asia and the Spice Islands—water route to Asia!

Spain and Portugal: Treaty of Tordesillas Portugal and Spain claimed territories in the New World before any other European powers. Since both nations were Catholic, the Pope drew a line on the map showing which territories would belong to Portugal and which ones belonged to Spain Who is going to get most of the New World?

Portugal Leads the Way! Established the earliest of the modern European colonial empires.  Prince Henry the Navigator school of navigation sent more than 50 expeditions down the west coast of Africa  Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa called The Cape of Good Hope and the Indian Ocean  Vasco da Gama and other Explorers, later sailed around The Cape and continued to India.

Portugal Leads the Way!

For decades, the Portuguese continued to explore east Asia where they established forts & trading posts.  By 1571, a string of outposts connected Portugal to Africa, India, South Pacific Islands, and Japan Portugal grew wealthy from these trade routes, but…  Its most profitable colony was Brazil in South America. Brazil was a Portuguese colony until 1822.

Portugal Leads the Way! In Brazil, the Portuguese established settlements. Brazil provided gold and sugar to Portugal. By the 1600s, Portugal had established trading posts in important coastal areas of Africa and Asia. Portugal was more interested in trade than in taking over a land and its people.

Use the European Empires Student Map to record the different routes

Portugal’s Explorations: Color the route of the Portuguese

Spain’s Empire  Spanish explorers were searching for a trade route through or around North & South America to Asia  Wanted to find a quicker route to the gold & spices in Asia  Christopher Columbus (Italian) given $ by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain …find a quick route to through the Atlantic to Asia. He discovers the Bahamas, but thought he was in Asia… called the land “West Indies”. Found 2 new continents. Exploration of these areas brought great wealth to Spain.

Spain’s Empire  Huge empire that spanned the globe  Spanish conquistadors conquered the Inca and Aztec civilizations in the 1500s (South America)  --Looking for gold & spices  --Used missionaries to convert natives to Christianity  Claimed huge areas of North & South America & ruled over them for 300 years

Spain’s Explorations: Color the route of the Spanish

England’s Empire  England used to be one of three countries (England, Scotland, & Wales)  1700s, the three united and became Great Britain  British empire was the largest in history  --At its peak, Great Britain controlled: Canada, Australia, India, much of Africa, and numerous islands

England’s Empire  North America came under British control in the 1700s  --Lost American colonies in 1776  --Maintained control over Canada until 20 th century Colonized Australia in used it as a penal (prison) colony to relieve over crowed jails in England

England’s Empire One of the major reasons England established colonies was for mercantilism. This system required strict controls, leading to the rebellion of the American colonies in the 1700s. Vocabulary Word mercantilism: an economic policy where the colonies helped the mother country by providing valuable natural resources and a market for the goods produced in the mother country Triangular Trade Route

Triangular Trade Route: 1700’s

England’s Empire In 1600, England chartered the East India Company to trade in the east Indies (India and Southeast Asia) and soon established a colonial presence in India. India eventually came under British rule in 1858.

England’s Explorations: Color the route of the English

France’s Empire  Established other colonies in the 16th-17 th centuries:  --Islands in the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, the South Pacific, the North Pacific, & the North Atlantic  France also maintained influence in Canada, South America, Southeast Asia, & Northwest Africa Many French explorers were searching for the Northwest Passage. Founded Quebec, the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. Established fur trading posts in the New World.

France’s Explorations: Color the route of the French

Remember Definition of an Empire? Empire: group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government Can you think of an Empire?

Star Wars (Galactic Empire)

Star Trek (Romulan Empire)

Roman Empire

The countries of Portugal, Spain, England, and France led the exploration and colonization movement and built individual empires across the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia.

European Empires Map Activity Turn your maps over to the other side. Record the different empires on your map.

Empire of Portugal: color the land area and complete the key

Empire of Spain: color the land area and complete the key

British Empire: color in the lard area and complete the key

Empire of France: color the land area and complete the key

Ticket Out the Door 1. Which continents had more than one country claiming it for their empire? 2. What may occur when more than one nation claims an area? 3. What advantage would a nation have if they alone claim an area? All answers are to be in complete well-written sentences.

Summarizing You are a European Explorer. Select an empire and describe where you explored, why you explored, and the possible effect your exploration had on the people there.