Introduction  Biology means “The study of life”  Greek words  Bios: Life/Living thing  Ology: Study of  Definition- The study of all life from single celled organisms to the most complex organisms

Six Reoccurring Themes of Bio. Cell structure and function Stability and homeostasis Reproduction and inheritance Evolution and natural selection Interdependence of organisms Matter, energy, organization

Cell Structure and Function Unicellular Multicellular The cell is the most basic structural and functional unit of all living things. Cells have many common Properties, but may differ Because of the process of Differentiation.

Stability and Homeostasis –Refers to a stable level of internal conditions Ex. Body Temperature

Reproduction and Inheritance Refers to the passing of hereditary information to offspring in the form of DNA Sexual Reproduction Animals, plants, fungi, protist Asexual Reproduction Bacteria, some plants, fungi, protist

Evolution and Natural Selection Evolution is the gradual change of an organism over time This is a way to explain our existence Natural selection is considered one of the driving forces behind evolution Ex. Fur colors in rabbits

Interdependence of Organisms Ecology – the study of relationship between organisms and their environment Ecosystems – The study of a group of environments in which organisms live

Matter, Energy, and Organization Photosynthesis – the driving force behind all of the earth’s energy Autotrophs Heterotrophs

Characteristics of Life Cells Organization Use energy Homeostasis Growth Reproduction

The Living World Many organisms have yet to be identified One gram of fertile soil may contain 2.5 billion unicellular organisms Only about 5% of all organisms have been identified’ Biology is ever changing

Scientific Method 1. Observing – Using your senses 2. Asking a question 3. Hypothesizing – Different from making a prediction 4. Collecting data Observing Measuring Sampling Organizing Data (graphs, tables, charts, maps, etc.)

Scientific Method Cont. 5. Experimenting – Testing the hypothesis that was formed Controlled Experiment Analyzing Data 6. Drawing Conclusions Modeling Inferring Forming a theory 7. Communicating – Sharing your ideas

Microscopes Microscopes are the most widely used tool in all biology, they are instruments that produce an enlarged image of an object Magnification – The ability to increase the size of an object in appearance Resolution – The power to show details clearly Types Compound light microscope Electron Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope – 200,000x Scanning Electron Microscope – 100,000x

TEM Cost: minimum about $70,000

Scanning e- microscope /sln/sem/ /sln/sem/ Cost: $100,000- any amount

Measurement SI – System International or international system of measurements Base Units – One standard unit name for all types of measurements Base Prefixes – One prefix for all factors of base units Derived Units – Unit’s produced by the mathematical relationship between two base units

Base Units Length  meter Mass  kilogram Time  second Temperature  Kelvin Amount  mole Light Intesity  Candela Electrical Current  Ampere

Prefixes Kilo: 10 3 : one thousand meters in a kilometer deci: : ten decigrams in a gram centi: : 100 centimeters in meter milli: : 1000 miligrams in a gram