French and Indian War (AKA the Seven Years War) Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1

Crash Course Intro While you view, answer these questions: 1.) What was the idea of mercantilism? 2.) Why was the French seen as a bigger threat than the Spanish to the British? 3.) What territories were won by the British? 4.) What was the Proclamation Line? Why not popular? youtube.com /watch?v=5v KGU3aEGsshttps://www. youtube.com /watch?v=5v KGU3aEGss Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2

Conflict with the French Competition between the French and British over the Ohio Valley Group of Virginians lay claim to 500,000 acres in the upper Ohio Valley (Western PA and Eastern OH The French had already begun building forts along the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers, most notably Fort Duquesne

George Washington comes on the scene George Washington sent with 150 militiamen to to secure the huge claim of land in what is now Pennsylvania and Ohio Virginians open fire on a small group of French troops and kill their leader French attack Washington’s troops at Fort Necessity and force him to surrender. The Seven Years War (French and Indian War) had begun. The British forces the Acadians in Nova Scotia to leave. Cajuns in Louisiana

French and Indian War Major war in Europe causes the French to not be able to send enough troops to fight in the Americas Prior to this, the Americans had shown a lack of unity in wars Albany Congress – Immediate purpose is to keep the Iroquois loyal to the British – Long-term purpose is to achieve a higher level of colonial unity for the defense against France (Franklin’s cartoon)

The F and I War in America (SKIP) Starts off badly for the colonists The British General Braddock loses at Fort Duquesne in Easy victory for the French and Indians The whole frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was now open to Indian attack Washington tries to defend the frontier with only 300 men The British invade Canada in Should have attacked Quebec and Montreal, but they don’t so defeat after defeat occur

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.8 Map 6.6: Events of 1755–1760

RESULTS OF WAR Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the war, and the French are thrown off the North American continent France cedes all of Louisiana territory to Spain Florida given to England by Spain in return for Cuba Great Britain is now the dominant power in North America and the dominant naval power in the world 9

The Impact on the Colonists More confident in their military strength Myth of British invincibility shattered Tension and conflict between the British officers and the colonial militias The colonists didn’t support the cause wholeheartedly. Shippers traded with the Spanish and the French West Indies during the war Americans had to be bribed to defend the colonies against the French and Indians

More Impact (SKIP) Intercolonial disunity continues BUT, some of the barriers are beginning to be broken down when colonial soldiers and statesmen meet during the war at various times and see all they have in common

Aftermath of the War Spanish, French, and Indians much less of a threat Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa led a group of tribes to try and drive the British out of Ohio Country – Detroit under siege in 1763 – All but three British posts west of the Appalachians are taken – British react by distributing smallpox infected blankets among the Natives

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.13 Map 6.8: North America After 1763 (after French losses)

Proclamation of 1763 British station troops west of the Appalachian Mountains Colonists begin to move West The Proclamation of 1763 bans settlement in the area west of the Appalachians Angers Americans – View that Americans had fought in the war and deserved to expand West

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 Map 6.9: Settled Areas at End of French and Indian War, 1763

The influence of William Pitt Makes the decision for the British to concentrate on the Quebec/Montreal portion of Canada Louisbourg falls (again) in 1758 Quebec falls in 1759 Montreal falls in 1760, and the French are finished in Canada Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the war, and the French are thrown off the North American continent France cedes all of Louisiana territory to Spain Florida given to England by Spain in return for Cuba Great Britain is now the dominant power in North America and the dominant naval power in the world