Cell Structure and Organization

Learning Objectives State that living organisms are made of cells Identify and describe the structure of a plant cell (palisade cell) and an animal cell (liver cell), as seen under a light microscope Describe the differences in structure between typical animal and plant cells Link structures in plant and animal cells to their functions

Learning Outcomes List the different components of a simple cell Understand the difference between plant and animal cells Explain why there are different types of cells

Where in the world? How does a cell resemble a city?

What is a cell? Multicellular organisms consists of many cells – humans are made from an estimated 50 trillion cells! Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, consist of just a single cell. A cell is the basic unit of life, from which larger structures such as tissue and organs are made.

How big is a cell? Most plant and animal cells are between µm and 60 µm in size – around half the diameter of a human hair – and too small to see without a microscope. The largest cell in the human body is the female egg cell, (ovum) at around 1,000 µm in diameter. The smallest human cell is the sperm cell – the head is around 5 µm long.

Specialized cells Most plants and animals are multicellular. The human body is made up of around 200 different types of cell, all working together. Most cells are specialized, meaning that each type of cell has a specific structure and function. All cells with a nucleus contain the same genes, but different cells activate different genes so they only produce the proteins they need. However, all cells have certain common features and structures called organelles.

Do you know where the following organs are? – Heart – Stomach – Liver – Lungs – Spinal cord – Kidneys – Pancreas – Intestines – Brain

What do cells contain?

Animal or plant?

A closer look at animal cells

Exploring animal cells

A closer look at plant cells

Exploring plant cells

Which organelle?

Plant and animal cells Animal cells contain:Plant cells contain: 1………..s: controls cell activitynucleus cytoplasm: site of cell’s 2………….. ……………… 3……………… 4….. ………. controls substances entering and leaving the cell cell membrane no chloroplast5……………………..: site of 6………………….. no cell wall7……… …………….. no large vacuolelarge 8…………..

Plant and animal cells Animal cells contain:Plant cells contain: nucleus: controls cell activitynucleus cytoplasm: site of cell’s chemical reactions cytoplasm cell membrane controls substances entering and leaving the cell cell membrane no chloroplastchloroplast: site of most photosynthesis no cell wallcell wall no large vacuolelarge vacuole