Integrated Coordinated Science End of Year Review

Part 2: Physics

Waves Standard 4a: Students know waves carry energy from one place to another. Waves are disturbances that transport energy from one place to another, through a medium (matter) or a vacuum (like space). Mechanical waves are waves that require a medium in order to travel. Some examples are sound waves, seismic waves, and ocean waves.

Waves Standard 4a: Students know waves carry energy from one place to another. Electromagnetic waves are waves that can travel without a medium (in a vacuum) as well as with a medium. An example is light waves. Waves transport energy without any net movement of the matter.

Waves Standard 4b: Students know how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media, such as springs and ropes, and on the earth (seismic waves). The disturbance in longitudinal waves is parallel to the direction of propagation (Initial energy that started the disturbance). This causes a compression and expansion in the medium.

Waves Standard 4b: Students know how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media, such as springs and ropes, and on the earth (seismic waves). The disturbance in transverse waves is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Waves Standard 4b: Students know how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media, such as springs and ropes, and on the earth (seismic waves). Seismic waves are a combination of both longitudinal (P-type waves) and transverse (S-Type waves).

Waves Standard 4d: Students know sound is a longitudinal wave whose speed depends on the properties of the medium in which it propagates. Sound waves (acoustic waves) happen when a vibrating object is in contact with a moveable medium. Sound waves are longitudinal waves which compress and expand the medium they pass through.

Waves Standard 4d: Students know sound is a longitudinal wave whose speed depends on the properties of the medium in which it propagates. The speed of sound depends on the density of the medium. Sound tends to travel fastest in a solid, slower in a liquid and slowest in a gas.

Waves Standard 4e: Students know radio waves, light, and X-rays are different wavelength bands in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves whose speed in a vacuum is approximately 3 x 10 8 m/s (186,000 miles/second). Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. Electromagnetic waves will travel with a speed of 3.00 X 10 8 m/s in a vacuum.

Waves Standard 4e: Students know radio waves, light, and X-rays are different wavelength bands in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves whose speed in a vacuum is approximately 3 x 10 8 m/s (186,000 miles/second). Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength, visible light can be broken into ROY G. BIV each color having a different wavelength and radio waves have the longest wavelength of the three.

Waves Standard 4f: Students know how to identify the characteristic properties of waves: interference (beats), diffraction, refraction, Doppler effect, and polarization. Interference is when two or more waves can occupy the same space at the same time. Constructive interference occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of another resulting in a larger wave. Destructive interference occurs when the crest of on wave overlaps with the trough of another resulting in a smaller wave.

Waves Standard 4f: Students know how to identify the characteristic properties of waves: interference (beats), diffraction, refraction, Doppler effect, and polarization. Diffraction is the bending of a wave as it passes an edge or an opening and the tendency of waves to spread out into available space. Refraction is the bending (change in direction) of waves as they pass from one medium to another.

Waves Standard 4f: Students know how to identify the characteristic properties of waves: interference (beats), diffraction, refraction, Doppler effect, and polarization. Continued. The Doppler effect occurs when a wave source and an observer are in motion relative to each other. As an ambulance siren moves towards you the sound waves are compressed causing the pitch to increase. When it moves away form you the pitch decreases as the waves stretch apart..

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5d: Students know the properties of transistors and the role of transistors in electric circuits. Semiconductors are materials that prevent electrons flowing through them unless they are helped by a small current or voltage (semi-conductor = half conductor). Transistors, electronic components used in many devices, are made of semiconductor materials (e.g. Silicon – Si or Germanium - Ge).

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5d: Students know the properties of transistors and the role of transistors in electric circuits. Transistors are used as amplifiers or switches by controlling a large signal voltage or current with a small voltage. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in radios, TV sets and computers because they were smaller and used less energy.

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5e: Students know charged particles are sources of electric fields and are subject to the forces of the electric fields from other charges. Electrostatic Force is the force between two charged particles. If the electric charge gets bigger – the force gets bigger. If the electric charges get closer together – the force gets bigger. A change in the distance between charges has a bigger affect on the force than a change in the charge

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5e: Students know charged particles are sources of electric fields and are subject to the forces of the electric fields from other charges. Opposite charges attract (go to each other) Alike charges repel (go away from each other)

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5h: Students know changing magnetic fields produce electric fields, thereby inducing currents in nearby conductors Magnets use magnetic force to move other magnets or some metal objects. The magnetic force comes from magnetic fields (seen here). NS

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5h: Students know changing magnetic fields produce electric fields, thereby inducing currents in nearby conductors If you move a magnetic field near a current carrying conductor (a wire), it makes a voltage in the wire. The voltage in the wire makes an electric current flow in the wire. NS

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5i: Students know plasmas, the fourth state of matter, contain ions or free electrons or both and conduct electricity. Plasma is a mixture of Positive Ions and Free Electrons. A container full of Plasma has no overall electrical charge, but can conduct electricity (have a current going through it)

Electric and Magnetic Forces Standard 5i: Students know plasmas, the fourth state of matter, contain ions or free electrons or both and conduct electricity. Plasma is made by heating a gas to very high temperatures or by applying a very high voltage to a gas (neon lights) Plasma is the 4 th state of matter and is found in fluorescent lights and in the center of our sun and other stars

End of Part 2: Physics