Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number D766 G743s Image title [Sugar cane] Place image published [London] Image date [1766] Image function frontispiece Technique engraving Image dimension height 13.7 cm. Image dimension width 7.9 cm. Page dimension height 16.9 cm. Page dimension width 10.1 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Sugar cane plant. Source creator Grainger, James, 1721?-1766 Source Title The sugar-cane: A poem... Source place of publication London Source publisher Printed, and sold by the Booksellers Source date M DCC LXV [1766] notes Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) is a genus of tropical grasses, originally native to southeast Asia and first brought to the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage in Preface discusses the author's arrival in the West Indies and his intention to write a poem on the cultivation of sugar cane. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired before Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Sugarcane

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number G797 O98d Image title [Sugar field, sugar cane plants, sugar production tools] Place image published [Copenhagen] Image publisher [Johan Frederik Schultz] Image date [1797] Image function fold-out plate II; following p. 84 Technique engraving Image dimension height 18.7 cm. (platemark) Image dimension width 23.8 cm. (platemark) Page dimension height 19.1 cm. Page dimension width 37.4 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Diagram of a sugar field with three stages of growth shown. Sugar cane plant with its flowers and fruit. Tools for growing and processing sugar including knife, hoe, ladle, and skimmer. Items are lettered and numbered for identification in key on facing page. Source creator Oxholm, Peter Lotharius, Source Title De Danske Vestindiske öers tilstand i henseende til population, cultur og finance-forfatning, i anledning af nogle breve fra St. Croix... Source place of publication Kiöbenhavn [Copenhagen] Source publisher Trykt hos directeur Johan Frederik Schultz, kongelig og universitetsbogtrykker. Source date [1797] notes Denmark acquired St. Croix from France in Oxholm was a young Danish officer sent to the Danish West Indies in 1778 to map all the fortifications in the islands, suggest improvements, and estimate their cost. He was also to create topographic maps of the islands of St. Thomas and St. John. He mapped only St. John, but presented numerous drawings and maps at the Danish court where his work was approved and rewarded. Having married into a St. Croix family, he returned there and became a sugar planter. In 1794 he privately published a detailed map of St. Croix that he had created. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Sugar growing-- Virgin Islands of the United States

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number D833 L155p / 3-SIZE Image title Cutting the sugar-cane Creator 1 William Clark Place image published London Image publisher Infant School Society Depository Image date [1833] Image function plate 3 Technique lithograph, hand coloring Image dimension height 23.4 cm. Image dimension width 34.4 cm. Page dimension height 27.3 cm. Page dimension width 39.5 cm. Materials medium ink, colors Materials support paper Languages English Description Blacks [slave men and women] cut the sugar cane and load the bundles or junks into a horse-drawn cart. The plantation owner on a horse speaks to a black overseer. Includes cutting bills or knives, coconut palms, and a windmill in the distance. Source creator Ladies' society for promoting the early education of negro children. Source Title [Views of sugar production on Antigua] Source place of publication London Source publisher Printed for Edward Suter Source date [1833?] notes Taken from William Clark's Ten views of the island of Antigua, London, 1823, six of the original images were used to compile this work for the Ladies's society. The images are accompanied by a large-print narrative describing each image, intended to be read by a class of beginning readers. Clark identifies this estate as being Delap's estate. Time Period References Clark, W. Ten views of the island of Antigua, No. 4 Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Slavery--Caribbean area Subject headings Sugar growing Subject headings Sugar--Manufacture and refining--Caribbean area Subject headings Sugarcane

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number D763 G291a / 1-SIZE Image title Canna da zucchero Platazione di zucchero Creator 1 G. M. Terrenise Creator 1 role fe[cit] Place image published [Leghorn] Image publisher [Marco Coltellini] Image date [1763] Image function plate; vol. 2, following p. 110 Technique engraving Image dimension height 24.4 cm. Image dimension width 18.2 cm. Page dimension height 31.2 cm. Page dimension width 24 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages Italian Description Sugar plantation showing fields of sugar cane, dwellings of the blacks [slaves], the master's house, the sugar mills, storage house for the sugar. Botanical element consists of a detail of the sugar cane. Items in the image are lettered for identification in a key above. Source Title Il gazzettiere Americano... Volume secondo Source place of publication In Livorno [Leghorn] Source publisher Per Marco Coltellini all' Insegna della Verità Source date MDCCLXIII [1763] notes Text describes a sugar plantation in Jamaica. This gazeteer was translated from an English edition and was the first comprehensive geographical dictionary of America in Italian. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I Commentary Add a comment geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Sugar--Manufacture and refining--Jamaica

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number E742 L114n Image title [left] Fueille de Canne. [right] Partie d'une Canne a Sucre. Place image published [Paris] Image publisher [Guillaume Cavelier] Image date [1742] Image function plate; vol. 3, following p. 320 Technique engraving Image dimension height 12.7 cm. Image dimension width 6.3 cm. Page dimension height 16.5 cm. Page dimension width 9.7 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description [left] Leaf of sugar cane. [right] Part of a sugar cane. Source creator Labat, Jean Baptiste, Source Title Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amerique... Tome troisième Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez Guillaume Cavelier Pere, Libraire, au Lys d'or Source date M. DCC. XLII. [1742] notes Sugar cane, Saccharum officinarum, is a tall grass, originally from Asia, but imported to the Caribbean to produce the lucrative product, sugar.A French Dominican and missionary, Labat was sent to the West Indies from 1693 to He illustrated much of his work himself. Time Period References (Mar. 2006) Provenance/Donor Acquired before Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Natural history--Caribbean area

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number E790 D978p Image title Canne a sucre Saccharum officinarum, L. Creator 1 Fossier Creator 1 role Dessiné par Creator 2 Hubert Creator 2 role gravé par Place image published [Paris] Image publisher [Duplain, Dubuisson, Debure, LeJay fils, & De Senne] Image date [1790] Image function fold-out plate 1, following p. 98 Technique engraving Image dimension height 37.7 cm. Image dimension width 44.4 cm. Page dimension height 40.4 cm. Page dimension width 47 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Sugar cane showing details of cane growth, flowers, branching, and leaves. Includes cross sections of cane. Items in the image are numbered for identification in text. Source creator Dutrône de La Couture, Jacques-François, Source Title Précis sur la canne et sur les moyens d'en extraire le sel essentiel Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez Duplain, rue & cour de commerce. Dubuisson, rue Haute-feuille. Debure, rue Serpent. LeJay fils, rue de l'Echelle. De Senne, au palais-royal Source date 1790 notes This book by Dutrône de La Couture, a medical doctor associated with the Société royale des Sciences & Arts at Cap François, Saint Domingue (present-day Haiti), was the most authoritative text on sugar cane in the eighteenth century. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Sugarcane

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number D796 S812n / 1-SIZE Image title The Sugar Cane, in its four different Stages. Place image published London Image publisher J. Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard Image date Decr. 1st Image function plate 34; vol. 1, following p. 314 Technique engraving, hand coloring Image dimension height 18.1 cm. Image dimension width 13.1 cm. Page dimension height 29 cm. Page dimension width 22.5 cm. Materials medium ink, colors Materials support paper Languages English Description Four stages of sugar cane growth. Items in the image are lettered for identification in adjacent text. Source creator Stedman, John Gabriel, Source Title Narrative, of a five years' expedition, against the revolted Negroes of Surinam... Vol. I. Source place of publication London Source publisher Printed for J. Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, & J. Edwards, Pall Mall Source date 1796 notes Scientific name: Saccharum officinarum. Time Period References Price, R. & S., ed. Stedman Narrative, p Provenance/Donor Acquired before Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I Commentary Add a comment geographic area Guianas Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Natural history--Suriname

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number Image title [Stages of growth of sugar cane] Place image published London Image publisher Smith, Elder & Co. Cornhill Image date [1830] Image function fold-out plate 1; following p. 26 Technique engraving Image dimension height 19 cm. Image dimension width 53 cm. Page dimension height 21.4 cm. Page dimension width 54.5 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Various stages of growth of the sugarcane plant. Cuttings, flowers, petals, seeds, and leaves are shown. Items are numbered and lettered for identification in the text. Source creator Porter, George Richardson, Source Title The nature and properties of the sugar cane; with practical directions for the improvement of its culture, and the manufacture of its products. Source place of publication London Source publisher Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. Source date MDCCCXXX. [1830] notes George Richardson Porter was a leading statistician, political economist, and founding member of the London Statistical Society. In 1834 he became superintendent of a statistical department in the extended Board of Trade, becoming joint permanent secretary in the Board of Trade in Earlier in his life, he had tried trading in sugar. See Dutrône de La Couture, Précis sur la canne et sur les moyens d'en extraire le sel essentiel, Paris, 1790 (# ) for the source of this image. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Sugar growing--Caribbean area Subject headings Sugarcane--Caribbean area

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number D704 C563c / 1-SIZE Image title [Plants and trees of Brazil] Place image published [London] Image publisher [Awnsham and John Churchill] Image date [1704] Image function fold-out plate; vol. 2, following p. 138 Technique engraving Image dimension height 29.2 cm. Image dimension width 35.7 cm. Page dimension height 31.6 cm. Page dimension width 39.7 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Plants and trees of Brazil including sugar cane, cashew tree, papaya tree, indigo plant, and branch of chili pepper plant. Includes the fruits of the cashew, papaya, and a detail of the sugar cane. Also includes an illustration of a potato [?]. Source Title A collection of voyages and travels, some now first printed from original manuscripts.... Vol. II. Source place of publication London Source publisher Printed for Awnsham and John Churchill at the Black Swan in Pater-noster-Row. Source date MDCCIV [1704] notes This illustrates Johannes Nieuhof, Voyages and travels, into Brasil. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired before Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Brazil Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Natural history--Brazil

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number H790 C351s Image title Il Zucchero Creator 1 Benedetto Bordiga Creator 1 dates Creator 1 role inc. Place image published [Milan] Image publisher [Giuseppe Marelli] Image date [1791] Image function plate; following p. 150 Technique engraving Image dimension height 17.8 cm. Image dimension width 11.4 cm. Page dimension height 24.7 cm. Page dimension width 17.8 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages Italian Description Part of the sugar cane showing flowers, leaves, sett, and canes. Items in the image are lettered for identification in adjoining text. Source creator Castiglioni, Luigi, Source Title Storia delle piante forestiere le più importanti nell'uso medico, od economico... Tomo I Source place of publication Milano [Milan] Source publisher Nella Stamperia di Giuseppe Marelli Source date 1791 notes Sugar cane is a genus of tropical grasses, originally native to southeast Asia and first brought to the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage in Text describes these grasses as being raised in New Spain, the Caribbean, and Brazil. The scientific names of the species include Saccharum officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. barberi and S. sinense. Time Period References (May 2003) Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I Commentary Add a comment geographic area Brazil geographic area Caribbean Islands geographic area Spanish America Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Natural history--Caribbean area Subject headings Natural history--South America Subject headings Sugar Subject headings Sugarcane

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number E742 L114n Image title Extremité d'une Canne qui a poussé son jet et a fleury. Place image published [Paris] Image publisher [Guillaume Cavelier] Image date [1742] Image function plate; vol. 3, following p. 370 Technique engraving Image dimension height 12.8 cm. Image dimension width 6.4 cm. Page dimension height 16.5 cm. Page dimension width 9.7 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description Flower or inflorescences (plume-like clusters of flowers) of the sugar cane. Source creator Labat, Jean Baptiste, Source Title Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amerique... Tome troisième Source place of publication A Paris Source publisher Chez Guillaume Cavelier Pere, Libraire, au Lys d'or Source date M. DCC. XLII. [1742] notes Sugar cane, Saccharum officinarum, is a tall grass, originally from Asia, but imported to the Caribbean to produce the lucrative product, sugar.A French Dominican and missionary, Labat was sent to the West Indies from 1693 to He illustrated much of his work himself. Time Period References (Mar. 2006) Provenance/Donor Acquired before Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Natural history--Caribbean area

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number J696 Z98t / 2-SIZE Image title Zucker=Kohr Arundo Saccharifera. Place image published [Basel] Image publisher [Jacob Bertsche] Image date [1696] Image function illustration; p. 310 Technique woodcut Image dimension height 11.9 cm. Image dimension width 6.6 cm. Page dimension height 36 cm. Page dimension width 22 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Stalk of sugar cane with its leaves and roots. Source creator Zwinger, Theodor, Source Title Theatrum botanicum, das ist: Neu vollkommenes Kräuter-Buch, worinnen allerhand Erdgewächse der Bäumen, Stauden und Kraütern, welche in allen vier Theilen der Welt, sonderlich aber in Europa herfür kommen... Source place of publication Basel Source publisher gedruckt und verlegt durch Jacob Bertsche Source date M.DC.LXXXXVI. [1696] notes The scientific name for sugar cane is Saccharum officinarum. It is not native to the Americas, but was introduced to the West Indies by Columbus. Text notes that it is grown in both the East and West Indies.Authorship according to British Museum (Natural History): This is based on Verzascha's edition of Pier Andrea Mattioli's "De Plantis Epitome utilissima..." from Verona, 1586, but so much altered and extended as practically to constitute a new work. Illustrated with about 1200 annotated woodcuts in the text by Gesner/ Camerarius (Iochino Camerario) originally used by Mattioli. Gesner had been preparing material for a massive historia plantarum but died before finishing the task. Camerarius acquired the material, utilized the woodcuts and supplemented them with his own designs. The woodcuts are remarkable in their scientific detail especially in the enlarged depictions of floral structure, seeds, and fruit. First appearing in 1586, these woodcuts became a convention in scientific botanical illustration. Zwinger was professor of physics and botany at Basel. Time Period References (Aug. 2007) Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Sugar Subject headings Natural history--Caribbean area Subject headings Medicinal plants--Caribbean area Subject headings Botany--Caribbean area

Image Field Data Accession number 1202 Record number JCB call number Z J46w 1783 / 3-SIZE Image title [Title page] Place image published London Image publisher Printed for Robert Sayer, Chart Map and Printseller, No. 53. in Fleet Street Image date [1783] Image function added engraved title page Technique engraving Image dimension height 46.9 cm. Image dimension width 61.7 cm. [both pages] Page dimension height 53.5 cm. Page dimension width 72.8 cm. [both pages] Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages English Description Black men and a woman with a child [slaves?] stand on a beach. Includes casks or hogsheads, a European sailor [?], bottle, pipe, basket, pineapple, sugar cane, flamingo or wading bird, banana and coconut palm trees, sea turtle, angel with trident and torch, boats, and ships. Also includes degrees of latitude and longitude. Source creator Jefferys, Thomas, d Source Title The West Indian atlas: or, A general description of the West Indies: Taken from actual surveys and observations Source place of publication London Source publisher Printed for Robert Sayer and John Bennett, Map, Chart, Print-Sellers, and Globe Makers, Fleet Street Source date M,DCC,LXXXIII. [1783] notes Sayer and Bennet published this atlas posthumously under Jeffery's name using materials prepared by Jefferys and updating maps and charts as the need arose. Time Period Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings West Indies--Description and travel

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number D720 G133n Image title Sauterelles. Place image published [Amsterdam] Image publisher [Paul Marret] Image date [1720] Image function fold-out plate; vol. 2, following p. 182 Technique engraving Image dimension height 12.9 cm. Image dimension width 17 cm. Page dimension height 16.5 cm. Page dimension width 19 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description Men walk through a field devasted by locusts or grasshoppers. In the foreground, a field lies in waste and trees are bare of leaves. Includes a pack mule. Source creator Gage, Thomas, 1603?-1656 Source Title [New survey of the West Indies. French] Nouvelle relation, contenant les Voyages de Thomas Gage dans la Nouvelle Espagne... Source place of publication A Amsterdam Source publisher Chez Paul Marret, dans le Beurs-straat, proche le Dam à la Renommée Source date M. DCCXX. [1720] notes Text describes a plague of locusts or grasshoppers which covered the road causing traveling mules to startle and which destroyed crops of indigo and sugar cane. The magistrate ordered the native Americans to go out into the fields and make noise to frighten the insects away. Thomas Gage, an English Dominican friar, returned to England after several decades in Spanish America, became a Protestant and a principal advisor to Oliver Cromwell. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired before Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Spanish America Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject Area Indigenous peoples Subject headings Crop pests

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number E839 B473v /3-SIZE Image title 54. Cannes à sucre. 55. Cafier. 56. Cotonnier. 57. Moulin à presser la canne à sucre. Creator 1 Pierre Jacques Benoit Creator 1 dates Creator 1 role del. Creator 2 Paulus Lauters Creator 2 dates Creator 2 role lith. Place image published [Brussels] Image publisher Société des Beaux-Arts Image date [1839] Image function plate XXVIII Technique lithograph, colored Image dimension height cm. Image dimension width 20.7 cm. Page dimension height 46.5 cm. Page dimension width 33.3 cm. Materials medium ink, colors Materials support paper Description [top] Cotton plant, sugar cane, and coffee tree. [bottom] View of a sugar mills (one water-driven and one oxen-driven) and evaporation furnace. Blacks [slaves] crush sugar canes in mill. Source creator Benoit, P. J. (Pierre Jacques), Source Title Voyage a Surinam : Description des possessions Néerlandaises dans la Guyane Source place of publication Bruxelles [Brussels] Source publisher Société des Beaux-Arts; Gérants: de Wasme et Laurent Place du Grand Sablon, No. 11 Source date 1839 notes Image 54 is number 54 a. in text, image 55 is number 54 b. in text, image 56 is number 54 c. in text and image 57 is number 55 in text. Image title taken from List of Illustrations preceding plates. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I Commentary Add a comment geographic area Guianas Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Suriname--Description and travel Subject headings Sugar--Manufacture and refining--Suriname

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number F718 H549b1 Image title [Gestalte van een Swarte Slaaf en Slavinne] Place image published [Leeuwarden] Image publisher [Meindert Injema] Image date [1718] Image function fold-out plate; following p. 94 Technique engraving Image dimension height 15.4 cm. Image dimension width 19.8 cm. Page dimension height 20.4 cm. Page dimension width 22.8 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Description Male and female black slave. Decorative elements include shovel, knife, sugar cane, bowl of fruit. Items in the image are lettered for identification in a key in adjacent text. Source creator Herlein, J. D. Source Title Beschryvinge van de volk-plantinge Zuriname Source place of publication Te Leeuwarden Source publisher By Meindert Injema, Boek-drukker en Verhoper voor aan in de St. Jakobs-straat Source date 1718 notes Image title taken from marginal gloss. Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired in Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I Commentary Add a comment geographic area Guianas Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject headings Suriname--Description and travel

Image Field Data Accession number Record number JCB call number Codex Fr 6 Image title [Title page] Place image published [Guadeloupe] Image date [1765 or later] Image function title page Technique manuscript Image dimension height 12.5 cm. Image dimension width 6.5 cm. Page dimension height 14.7 cm. Page dimension width 9.4 cm. Materials medium ink Materials support paper Languages French Description An angel or putto holds a drapery with the title. Includes sugar cane, palms, flowers, and a mountainous landscape with volcano [?]. Source Title Notes sur la Guadeloupe Source place of publication [Guadeloupe] Source date 1765 [or later] notes This manuscript is an eyewitness account of the island, its economy, and its recovery from the desvastation caused by the British seizure in Time Period Provenance/Donor Acquired before Owner and copyright ©John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Brown University, Providence, R.I geographic area Caribbean Islands Subject Area Artifacts, industry, and human activities Subject Area Flora and fauna Subject headings Guadeloupe--Description and travel