Revolution and Enlightenment Chapter 2

The Glorious Revolution Section 1

Question Why is it a good thing for a king to have a parliament? What kind of problems could it cause? Why is it a good thing for a king to have a parliament? What kind of problems could it cause?

1. Background to Revolution 1. Background to Revolution A. There are 3 significant revolutions in 1600s A. There are 3 significant revolutions in 1600s Glorious, American, French Glorious, American, French B. The Glorious Revolution B. The Glorious Revolution Carried out by the nobility Carried out by the nobility Forced king to work with parliament Forced king to work with parliament a King does not have absolute power a King does not have absolute power

C. Absolute Rulers in Europe C. Absolute Rulers in Europe 15 and 1600s Europe, Absolute Kings 15 and 1600s Europe, Absolute Kings 1) Divine Right of Kings 1) Divine Right of Kings Belief that rulers derived their power from God Belief that rulers derived their power from God Louis XIV of France Louis XIV of France 2) EnglandIn, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I worked together w/ parliament 2) EnglandIn, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I worked together w/ parliament 1700, English royalty knew parliament had considerable power 1700, English royalty knew parliament had considerable power

2. How the Tudors Ruled A. The Tudor Dynasty A. The Tudor Dynasty 1) Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I strong rulers that consulted parliament Parliament got used to being listened to 2) Church of England (1535) Henry’s Divorce of Catherine of Aragon a) Act of Supremacy Made Henry Supreme head on Earth of Church of England. Parliament agreed Anglican Church

3. Mary 3. Mary Henry had two daughters Henry had two daughters Mary and Elizabeth Mary and Elizabeth Mary was Catholic Mary was Catholic Had more than 300 Protestants burned at the stake Had more than 300 Protestants burned at the stake Bloody Mary Bloody Mary 4. Elizabeth 4. Elizabeth Makes England into a protestant nation again Makes England into a protestant nation again

5. The Anglican Church 5. The Anglican Church Similar to the Catholic Church Similar to the Catholic Church a) Puritans Thought Anglican Church was too Catholic Thought Anglican Church was too Catholic Thought worship should be more spiritual Thought worship should be more spiritual Wanted to elect their own Bishops Wanted to elect their own Bishops Many fled to the new world for religious freedom Many fled to the new world for religious freedom

3. The Stuarts and Divine Right A. The Tudor Dynasty A. The Tudor Dynasty 1) Included James I and Charles I 1) Included James I and Charles I Believed in Divine Right of Kings Believed in Divine Right of Kings 2) 11 Years Tyranny 2) 11 Years Tyranny 1528, Parliament passed a tax w/o Charles I’s permission 1528, Parliament passed a tax w/o Charles I’s permission Charles I locked Parliament out for 11 years and wouldn’t let them meet Charles I locked Parliament out for 11 years and wouldn’t let them meet

4. Civil War and Aftermath A. Beginning of the War A. Beginning of the War Parliament locked out 1) Roundheads vs. the Royalists Roundheads = Parliament Royalists = King 2) Oliver Cromwell Leader of the Roundheads Lead the roundheads to victory

5. Cromwell’s Puritan Commonwealth A. Commonwealth A. Commonwealth Parliament abolished the Monarchy and established a commonwealth Parliament abolished the Monarchy and established a commonwealth England became a religious community under Cromwell (Puritans) England became a religious community under Cromwell (Puritans) Cromwell dies, and his son is unable to maintain society Cromwell dies, and his son is unable to maintain society

6. The Restoration A. Monarchy Restored A. Monarchy Restored 1) Charles II (Stuart) 1) Charles II (Stuart) Catholic Catholic 2) The Exclusion Bill 2) The Exclusion Bill Barred Charles II’s brother James from the throne if he professed Cahtolicism Barred Charles II’s brother James from the throne if he professed Cahtolicism 3) Political Parties 3) Political Parties Whigs= Anti Catholic Whigs= Anti Catholic Tories= Wanted to follow lawful succession of the throne Tories= Wanted to follow lawful succession of the throne 4) James II 4) James II Charles II’s brother and a Catholic Charles II’s brother and a Catholic Has protestant daughters Has protestant daughters Also has a son Also has a son

7. The Glorious Revolution and Limited Monarchy A. The Revolution A. The Revolution Parliament did not Want James’ Catholic son as king Parliament did not Want James’ Catholic son as king 1) Mary and William of Orange 1) Mary and William of Orange Mary is James’ daughter Mary is James’ daughter Raised an army and entered England Raised an army and entered England James fled to France James fled to France B. The English Bill of Rights B. The English Bill of Rights Parliament agreed to Williams rule as long as he accepted the Bill Parliament agreed to Williams rule as long as he accepted the Bill Parliament had the right to pass taxes Parliament had the right to pass taxes Citizens had right to bear arms and trial by a jury Citizens had right to bear arms and trial by a jury C. End of Divine Right of Kings in England C. End of Divine Right of Kings in England