Sex Education Contraceptives TSWBAT identify different forms of birth control and discuss how they are to be used effectively

Abstinence This is choosing to abstain from sexual intercourse meaning NOT having sex Why practice abstinence? To promote health To protect the safety of others To show respect for myself and others Free from sexually transmitted diseases Free from pregnancy

Natural Family Planning (Rhythm Method) The method of finding out the days each month that you are least likely to get pregnant Techniques Include: Maintaining a chart of body temperature Checking vaginal secretions Keeping a calendar of menstrual cycles Certain Methods are about 80% effective and careful records must be maintained.

Problems: Difficult method to use if cycle is irregular Sex must be avoided during a part of each cycle Does not protect you against HIV or STD’s

Withdrawal It is not fool proof because some of the penile lubricating fluid containing sperm can be deposited in the vagina long before withdrawal. Also, ejaculation may occur in stages with the man being unaware that it has actually commenced.

Condoms Date back to 1000 BC It is a rubber sheath shaped to fit snugly over an erect penis It is about 88% effective if latex condom is used correctly Main reason they fail is because people do not use them correctly It should be placed over erect penis before it comes in contact with vagina

Problems: Condoms may break May interrupt sex or be messy Lambskin condoms do not protect from the HIV virus They can be purchased at the drug store

Female Condom

Sponges The contraceptive sponge is small, donut shaped foam sponge that contains spermacide called Nonoxynol-9 Leave the sponge inside of you for at least six hours after intercourse It is 87% effective It is best to use a male condom while using the contraceptive Should be aware of TSS

Cervical Cap The effectiveness of the cervical cap depends on its fit After intercourse wait 8 hours to remove your cervical cap Advantages: Can be inserted many hours before sex play Easy to carry around and comfortable Doesn’t alter the menstrual cycle

Problems: Requires fitting in a clinic Some women cannot be fitted Can be difficult to insert or remove

Diaphragm A shallow, dome-shaped rubber disk with a flexible rim that fits inside the vagina and covers the cervix so sperm reach the uterus Must be covered with spermacide and placed in the vagina to cover the cervix May be left in place for 24 hours, but more spermacide must be inserted every two hours or every time that sexual intercourse is repeated\ 80% effective

Problems: If it is left inside the vagina for more then one day (24 hours), the females run the risk of TSS Diaphragms must initially be fitted by clinicians and then purchased by prescription

Birth Control Pills It is a daily pill that contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone that prevent pregnancy How it works It is combination pill that prevents ovulation Thickens mucus around the cervix Can sometimes effect the lining of the uterus

Birth Control Pill It comes in either a 21 or 28 day pack Works best when taken every single day at the same time of day Do not take some one elses pills!

Problems: Irregular menstrual bleeding Nausea, weight gain, headaches, dizziness, and breast tenderness Mood changes Blood Clots Must have a prescription

Depo-Provera Is a hormone (progestin) that is injected by a health care worker every three months. Pregnancy prevention begins 24 hours after injection It prevents pregnancy in three ways: It inhibits ovulation Changes cervical mucus to help prevent sperm from reaching the egg Changes uterine lining to prevent the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus

Depo-Provera 99.7 percent effective Female does not have to remember to take a pill daily Can be used by women who cannot take estrogen or who require medication for seizures Reduces menstrual cramps and anemia Helps prevent serious health risks such as endometrial cancer

Norplant Implant 6 Capsules with Hormone Stays in for 5 years 99% effective Does not prevent STD’s or AIDS Sits under the skin Cost for a five year supply

The Patch (Ortho Evra) A thin Beige patch that sticks to the skin. Place on the skin once a week for three weeks in a row each month. It prevents the woman’s ovaries from releasing eggs.

IUD (Intrauterine Device) An IUD is a T-Shaped plastic device with a nylon string attached that is inserted into the uterus by health care professional There are two types available: Copper (can remain in place for 10 years) Progesterone (natural female sex hormone) must be placed in every year

IUD Prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the fertilization of the egg 98% effective Not recommended for teenagers because of health risks Inserted into the uterine wall by a health care provider, usually during menstruation. The string will hang through the cervix of the vagina

Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) A tubal ligation is performed in a hospital setting, most often on a day surgery unit Requires a small abdominal incision usually performed under general anesthesia Permanently ends possibility of pregnancy by one of several methods: cutting the fallopian tubes and then sealing them or clipping them so that sperm and egg can not meet Recovery requires women to limit physical activity for at least a week

Sterilization (Vasectomy) Over 99% effective 30 minute procedure that can be performed in the physicians office. Requires two small incisions in the scrotum performed under local anesthetic Involves the cutting of the tubes (vas deferens) that carry sperm. The tubes are then sealed using either sutures or surgical clips on each end of the tubes

Sterilization (Vasectomy) Recovery usually only requires that the patient refrain from heavy physical activity for approximately 48 hours Complications are relatively rare but can involve bleeding and infection, swelling of scrotum. The failure rate for vasectomy is 1 percent

Nuva Ring A 2 inch wide flexible, transparent ring that you insert into your vagina once a month (one size fits all) Releases continuous low dose of progesterone and estrogen into your bloodstream to prevent pregnancy

Morning After Pill Emergency Contraception is taken in two doses. You can start taking this right away after having unprotected sex, the sooner it is taken the better it works. You must take the first dose within 5 days and the second 12 hours after the first dose. Prevents your ovaries from releasing eggs