Chapter 14 WWI Unit 4 (Rise to World Power)

America Enters War Lusitania- British Passenger line bombed by German U-boat, Nearly 1200 killed (128 Americans) Zimmerman Telegram- If Mexico should aid Germany in event of war they could take back Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. April 6, America declares war

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare – type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches protected by mines and barbed wire Trench Warfare Cross-section of a front-line trench

Home Front Selective service- Conscription (the draft) 2 million volunteered African Americans at war- racially segregated units, faced discrimination and prejudice Women officially served in non combat positions for first time

Home Front War Industries Board (WIB)- agency over coordination of war materials Hoover’s Food administration – responsible for increasing food production while reducing civilian consumption – Victory gardens – citizens grew their own veggies – Fuel administration: daylight savings time – conserving energy.

Paying for War Victory and Liberty bonds – by buying bonds, Americans were loaning the government money. The government would repay the money with interest in a specified number of years.

Mobilizing the Work Force National War Labor board (NWLB) – attempted to mediate labor disputes that might otherwise lead to strikes Women support industry – new jobs for women, however not permanent The Great Migration begins – African Americans leave the South to settle in the North due to job openings and high wages Mexican Americans head North as well

WWI Espionage and Sedition Acts – prevented aid to enemies of US and made illegal any opposition to the War Schenck vs. United States 1919 – ruled that an individual’s freedom of speech could be curbed when the words uttered consitute a “clear and present danger” John J. Pershing – commander of American forces, fought against Pancho Villa in Mexico New Weapons in WWI: Germans – poison gas, British – tanks, first time to use airplanes – mainly to observe enemy activities Doughboys – nickname given to the American soldiers, largely inexperienced

WWI The Battle of Argonne Forest – Large Ally offensive along the Western Front. Mainly US troops. Drove back and opened a hole in the German lines. Treaty of Versailles – ended WWI. Germany forced to get rid of armed forces, pay damages, and admit to starting the war. Fourteenth Point – The last point of Wilson’s 14 points. Created the League of Nations – would help preserve peace and prevent future wars Henry Cabot Lodge – Foreign Relations chairman who supported the League but would only sign the treaty if US could act alone.

Effects ImmediateLongterm Enormous cost in lives and money Russian Revolution Creation of new nations in Eastern Europe Requirement that Germany pay reparations German loss of its overseas colonies Balfour Declaration League of Nations Economic impact of war debts on Europe Emergence of United States and Japan as important powers Growth of nationalism in colonies Rise of fascism World War II

Europe in 1914

Europe in 1920