Population change Population data: Lesson 1

What is happening to the world? World population 2010: people Agricultural land 2010: hectares World population 2000: people Agricultural land 2000: hectares Using these figures, what are the rates of change (i.e. the change per year) in world population and agricultural land? What is your reaction to these numbers? 2

What is happening to the world? World population growth rate: people per year Productive land decay rate: hectares per year What are the main statistical measures that help us explain this population change? 3

The Demographic Transition Model Here are the number of estimated births and deaths in England over the last 300 years. Use these numbers and the provided axes to draw a line graph of the births and deaths in England over the last 300 years. Year Births (per 1000 people) Deaths (per 1000 people)

The Demographic Transition Model 5

Interpret what is happening to the population of England in the following periods of time:  Stage 1: 1700 to 1760  Stage 2: 1761 to 1880  Stage 3: 1881 to 1940  Stage 4: 1941 to 2000  Stage 5: 2001 to 2020 (and beyond) Referring to the birth and death rates, try to explain why these population changes have come about. 6

The Demographic Transition Model Time periodBirth rateDeath ratePopulation change Stage 1: 1700 – 1760 High: No birth control, High child mortality, High child dependency High: No birth control, High child mortality, High child dependency Minor fluctuations Stage 2: 1761 – 1880 HighReducing rapidly: Improved medical care Improved way of life Quickly increasing Stage 3: 1881 – 1940 Reducing rapidly: Family planning, Lowered child mortality Low: Stabilises after fall Increasing Stage 4: 1941 – 2000 Low: Stabilises after fall LowMild increase Stage 5: 2001 – Low Minor fluctuations 7

The Demographic Transition Model Using the information in the table, plot the population of England on the same axes as the birth and death rates. Do the births and deaths correctly interpret the change in population? Year Population (million)

The Demographic Transition Model 9

Bar charts: Population pyramids Population pyramids are horizontal bar charts which depict the proportion of the population falling into each age bracket. Continuous data: No gaps 10

Bar charts: Population pyramids The two tables show the percentage of the population falling into each age band for two different years in England. Produce the population pyramids for these two years. Given the shape of the graphs, can you guess which years they are? Age bandMaleFemale 0 to 46.3%5.7% 5 to 96.7%6.0% 10 to 146.9%6.3% 15 to 196.5%5.9% 20 to 246.1%5.9% 25 to 296.7%6.6% 30 to 347.7%7.6% 35 to 398.0%7.8% 40 to 447.2%6.9% 45 to 496.4%6.2% 50 to 547.0%6.8% 55 to 595.8%5.6% 60 to 644.9%4.8% 65 to 694.3%4.5% 70 to 743.7%4.2% 75 to 792.9%3.8% 80 to 841.7%2.8% 85 & up1.1%2.7% Age bandMaleFemale 0 to % 12.8% 5 to % 11.4% 10 to % 10.4% 15 to % 9.7% 20 to % 9.5% 25 to % 8.4% 30 to % 7.2% 35 to % 40 to % 45 to % 4.4% 50 to % 4.0% 55 to % 3.0% 60 to % 2.8% 65 to % 1.9% 70 to % 1.5% 75 to % 0.9% 80 to % 0.5% 85 & up 0.2% 11

Bar charts: Population pyramids 12

Bar charts: Population pyramids 13

Bar charts: Population pyramids Shown are 12 population pyramids of 12 different nations in Which stage of the demographic transition model is each of these countries, as suggested by their pyramid? What is each country’s modal age group? What do you notice about the countries in each group? 14

Bar charts: Population pyramids Stage 1:F – Afghanistan(0–5) K – Niger (0–5) Stage 2:A – Haiti(5–10) B – India(0–5) C – Venezuela(10–15) L – Morocco(20–25) Stage 3:E – Saudi Arabia(25–30) H – China(20–25) Stage 4:I – United Kingdom(45–50) J – USA(45–50) Stage 5:D – Russia(30–35) G – Australia(35–40) ‘3rd world’ ‘developing’ ‘westernised’ 15

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