Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W. Purbo Independent IT Writer

Important Key Factor Human Community Society NOT Technology NOT $$$

Overview Commercial ISP Development Historical View & Tech. Aspects Internet Community Development Major Achievements No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development

Key Strategies Human factor is the most important KEY. Provide Free Education to the Society Copyleft & Copywrong movement Free? How about the reward? God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

Society Education Process

Involving Many Volunteers.. Michael Sunggiardi (Bogor) I Made Wiryana (Germany) Umar Tjokroaminoto (Medan) Adi Nugroho (Makassar) Irwin Day (Makassar) Ismail Fahmi (Bandung) Etc …

Basic strategy in short.. “Either lead or follow but please don’t block the road for those who would move forward …” Phil Karn at Qualcomm, one of the Wireless Internet guru.

Commercial Internet Development

Commercial ISPs APJII = Indonesian ISP Association IndoNet the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

APJII Membership 150+ Principal License Holder 80 Member APJII 40+ active in providing services 100+ cities, all provinces Common Facilities APJII IIX APJII IDNIC Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

Principal & Operational License

Subscriber Distribution

Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

ISP Indonesia Internet Exchange ISP GLOBAL INTERNET APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM)

Some grassroots movements Internet Café High Speed Wireless Internet (11- 54Mbps)

Indonesian Internet Cafes Internet Cafes Mostly self-finance Hangout at asosiasi- Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.

Indonesian Internet Café Access Cost for Public Users Rp / hour. Access Cost for Students at Schools Rp / month Return of Investment 1-2 Years (no WB, no IMF, no ADB, no GoI funding) Internet Café is an affordable solution for Indonesian to access the Internet. It may enable 20+ million Indonesian to Internet in next 4-5 years.

Indonesian Wireless Internet Close to 1000 corporate users Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless connection 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) Hangout Fight for free frequency license

Historical View Social (human) Aspects Technological Aspects

Network Topology: Jan 1993

Homebrew Radio Modem

Software & PC based 286 & only Freeware network operating system (NOS) Downloadable from ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/ ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/

AI3 Indonesia: 1997 AI3 Indonesia IIX WIDE AI3 S-One / SingaREN vBNS STARTAP CA*net3 TransPAC APAN

Current Technology Push Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps Estimated cost US$150 / unit “Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz Build own network, no Telco!

Wireless 11Mbps PCI Card

2.4Ghz Ant.

Two Way Satellite

Success Factor Community based development. Human Resource Development Culture! Shifting mind set! Self-financing. Human is the key factor!

Access Behavior Source: Adi Nugroho 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi January 2002.

Logged Access Sites in Makassar *.yahoo.com6.96% *.yimg.com6.77% *.bolehmail.com4.69% 2.98% *.plasa.com2.52% *.astaga.com2.02% *.17tahun.com1.72% *.doubleclick.net1.46% *.extrajos.com1.40% *.msn.com1.16% *.akamai.net1.00% *.freebiespider.com0.85% *.geocities.com0.76% *.rileks.com0.75% > * 0.74% > *.chek.com 0.61% > *.detik.com 0.49% > *.adbutler.com 0.44% > *.kompas.com 0.40% > *.icq.com 0.27% > other: 2nd-level-domains 62.01% > > Sum %

Access Behavior Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site. News & online media are next. Indonesian pornographic site is next in the row (not much). 2.98% users normally mistype the URL. Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

Indonesian Internet Communities Survey done at yahoogroups.com

Historical Perspective ’90: ’96: ’99:

Evaluate yahoogroups.com Indonesian mailing lists Mostly <100 subscribers Evaluate only >100 subscribers

Evaluation Total mailing list49913 Evaluated30195 (60.5%) Mailing list > 100 subs1247 (4.2%)

Mailing lists total 1247 Pornography 73 (5.9%) Social350 (28.1%) Religion 155 (12.4%) Politics 94 (7.5%) Knowledge 257 (20.6%) Hobby 110 (8.8 %) Economics 16 (1.3%) Business 192 (15.4 %)

Subscribers total Pornography (13.2%) Social87875 (19.4%) Religion (12.2%) Politics (7.1%) Knowledge (18.5%) Hobby (10.7 %) Economics 4595 (1.0%) Business (17.8 %)

Messages in 2001 total Pornography (2.7%) Social (23.3%) Religion (12.0%) Politics (11.7%) Knowledge (18.3%) Hobby (14.8%) Economics (0.8%) Business (16.4%)

Activeness (msg/subs/month) Pornography 0.71 Social4.23 Religion 3.46 Politics 5.81 Knowledge 3.48 Hobby 4.88 Economics 2.95 Business 3.25

Bandwidth (Kbps) total 1,711 Pornography 704 (41.2%) Social236 (13.8%) Religion 146 (8.5%) Politics 113 (6.6 %) Knowledge 270 (15.8%) Hobby 103 (6.0%) Economics 9 (0.6%) Business 128 (7.5%)

Summary.. Copyleft & copywrong movement done by many volunteers (not the gov’t) really help in providing knowledge to the society & enable them to build their own infrastructure. Wireless Internet & Internet café technology is the key infrastructure. Most of the infrastructure are self-finance with no WB, IMF & ADB involvement. Gov’t of Indonesia most of the time claim our sucesses & ask for funding to donor agencies.