RF Calibration Introduction

Agenda What is RF calibration. Why calibration. NV items of RF calibration. Rx Calibration. Tx Calibration.

What is RF calibration • RF calibration is the process of measuring data to be used in the system for the purpose of compensation of non-linear characteristics and frequency variations, and to provide absolute power reference and temperature compensation to ensure performance of the Tx and Rx paths of a subscriber unit. • Output from the calibration process is stored in non-volatile (NV) memory items in AMSS. • AMSS uses calibration values during normal operation to ensure system performance is met.

What is RF calibration Setup:

Why calibration Subscriber units have differing RF characteristics Differences in design Part-to-part variations of components of the same design

Why calibration Individual phones also change their own RF characteristics: over frequency channel over temperature

Why calibration The subscriber unit must estimate the Rx power properly to maximize signal-to-noise ratios and to provide a basis for Tx power output. The subscriber unit must transmit at correct Tx power level over its large dynamic range. The Mobile Station Modem™ (MSM™) device and system software combination must know the RF and analog characteristics of the particular unit. Failure to compensate for differing RF/analog characteristics may cause the unit to fail minimum performance specifications

NV items of RF calibration The compensation values are classified: Static RF NV items: Measured once per design. Calculated RF NV items: RF NV items that are calculated based on other parameters of the design configurations. Measured RF NV items: Is determined by the RF calibration process.

Rx calibration Philosophy of Rx AGC(Automatic Gain control) loop. DVGA(Digital VGA) offset calibration. LNA(Low Noise Amplifier) offset calibration.

Rx calibration (Rx AGC loop) Each Rx chain has its own receiver. •Receiver calibration primarily consists of measuring the DVGA offset(also called VGA gain offset) and multiple LNA offsets, all at each chosen frequency index. •Software loads the frequency-compensated DVGA and LNA offset values into the hardware registers shown above.

Rx calibration (DVGA offset) Philosophy of Rx DVGA offset calibration:

Rx calibration (LNA offset) Philosophy of Rx LNA offset calibration:

Rx calibration (LNA offset)

Tx calibration Philosophy of Tx AGC(Automatic Gain control) loop. Tx Linearizer Tx Compensation HDET (High power detector)

Tx calibration (AGC Loop) The transmitter AGC must adjust the Tx power level based on the RSSI, access probe parameters, closed-loop power-control bits (PCBs), and channel-configuration attributes.

Tx calibration (AGC Loop)

Tx calibration (Tx AGC Characteristic)

Tx calibration (Tx Linearizer)

Tx calibration (TX_GAIN_CTRL.)

Tx calibration (HDET Feedback loop op.)

Tx calibration (Tx Comp.) Tx compensation(1/3): NV_BCy_TX_COMP0_I ~ NV_BCy_TX_COMP3_I NV_BCy_TX_COMP0_I = CDMA_TX_COMP_VS_FREQ[15:0]+ CDMA_TX_LIN_VS_TEMP[7:0] + CDMA_TX_SLP_VS_TEMP[7:0]

Tx calibration (Tx Comp.) CDMA_TX_LIN_VS_TEMP[7:0] : - Used to shift the effective Tx-linearizer curve by a constant for temperature-based gain changes. For example: Given temperature index, the element in this table is 0x05, each of the 36 offsets in the adjusted master curve table will be increased by five, when the temperature corresponds to that given index. CDMA_TX_SLP_VS_TEMP[7:0] - Used to shift the effective Tx-linearizer curve by a graduated amount for temperature-based gain changes. Ps. typically all zeros unless extra precision is desired.

Tx calibration (Tx HDET) High-power detector (HDET) (1/5): 1.Output at the power level defined by TX_GAIN_CTL. 2.The HDET circuit measures the output power. 3.The HDET value is sampled. 4.Table that maps the HDET value to Tx power level. The HDET’s estimated power level is compared to TX_GAIN_CTL to determine an error value. TX_GAIN_LIMIT is adjusted by that error value. Note: Only the maximum powerlimitis affected by the HDET circuit.

Tx calibration (Tx HDET) NV_BCy_TX_LIM_VS_FREQ_I: The ADC readings of the HDET circuit may have some frequency dependencies, this NV item can be used to compensate for such dependencies

Tx calibration (Tx HDET) NV_BCy_EXP_HDET_VS_AGC_I: AMSS uses this NV item to build a lookup table, which indexes Tx power estimation via a scaled TX_GAIN_CTL (representing the desired Tx power), to the associated HDET circuit values at reference temperature and the reference frequency. Ex: TX_GAIN_CTL has a 102.4 dB range from –60.4 to 42 dBm: Then Tx_Lim_vs_Freq_Pwr_Level0 =16.4 Tx_Lim_vs_Freq_Pwr_Level1 =18.0 Tx_Lim_vs_Freq_Pwr_Level2 =19.6 … Tx_Lim_vs_Freq_Pwr_Level15 =40.4 Procedure: Break up the upper 1/4 of TX_GAIN_CTL into 16 segments. Vary the desired Tx power by manipulating the TX_AGC_ADJ PDM. Read the value of the HDET circuit over each of the 16 segments and store the results in NV_BCy_EXP_HDET_VS_AGC[15:0]. Commit NV: