Wave Characteristics Rarefaction Wavelength Trough Transverse Period

Wave Characteristics Frequency Compression Amplitude Longitudinal Crest

Wave Interactions Doppler Effect Resonance Destructive Interference Reflection Medium

Wave Interactions Refraction Natural Frequency Red Shift Angle of Reflection Constructive Interference

WAVE INTERACTIONS

Important Properties of Waves

Wave Interactions Doppler Effect the shift in frequency and wavelength of waves which results from a source moving Click picture to hear car.

1. Reflection: When a wave hits a reflecting surface, it is reflected outwards at the same angle as it came in.

Reflected light beam Incident light beam Mirror 1. Reflection

Reflection The law of reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Refraction Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where it's speed is different.

1. Reflection

2. Refraction:

2. Refraction

2. Refraction: Waves bend when they go from one medium to another (like from air into water or glass)

2. Refraction

Different wavelengths bend at different angles, which is what makes a prism able to separate white light into all its colors Glass Prism Air Refracted Colors White Light

Lens 2. Refraction Refraction is also what makes lenses work. Light bends when it goes from air to glass. Focused light Incoming light Air

Refraction is the phenomenon which makes image formation possible by the eye as well as by cameras and other systems of lenses. Refraction in Eye Refraction in Camera Image is on retina. Image is on film.

3. Diffraction Light bends when it goes around around obstacles and through openings

DIFFRACTION Waves can `bend,' or diffract, around corners. An example of diffraction: if you speak into one end of a cardboard tube, the sound waves emerging from the other end spread out in all directions… rather than traveling in a straight line like a stream of water from a garden hose. CAN RESULT IN INTERFERENCE!

4. Interference When two waves run into one another, they add if crests overlap, and subtract if troughs overlap

Interference Wave interference occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium. The interference of waves causes the medium to take on a shape which results from the net effect of the two individual waves.

Wave interference

Interference Constructive interference Destructive interference

Interference and Diffraction

Wave interference: Standing Waves A standing wave pattern is a pattern which results from the interference of two or more waves along the same medium.

RESONANCE when one object vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object forces that second object into vibrational motion. Swinging a child in a playground swing is an easy job because you are helped by its natural frequency.

How Light is Produced A photon of light is produced whenever an electron in a higher-than- normal orbit falls back to its normal orbit. The frequency, or color, that exactly matches the distance the electron falls.

Light Waves Light (electromagnetic waves) are waves which are capable of traveling through a vacuum Produced by a vibrating electric charge Consist of both an electric and a magnetic component. Page 643 in book

(On Handout)