The Kennedy and Johnson Years ( )

Chapter 28 Section 1 The New Frontier

A. Election of 1960 – (D) Kennedy versus (R) Nixon 1) 1st T.V. Debate – Kennedy was polished and relaxed 2) John F. Kennedy - Camelot a) Democrat Senator from Massachusetts b) Young (43) – experience was an obstacle c) Catholic d) Promised to get the economy moving again 3) JFK Victory – narrow margin 303 – 219 4) No strong mandate a) set of wishes expressed by voters 5) “Ask not what the country can do for you, ask what you can do for the country” I. Describe the election of 1960 and its outcome.

A. New Frontier 1) Addressed: the economy, poverty, and space program B. Economy 1) Proposed to end recession by cutting taxes 2) Angered big business leaders C. Poverty 1) Kennedy lacked the support of Congress D. Space Program 1) Focused NASA to the goal of landing man on the moon II. Summarize Kennedy’s domestic programs.

A. November 22, 1963 – Dallas, TX B. Warren Commission – Chief Justice Earl Warren 1) Declared Kennedy was assassinated by one man who worked alone – Lee Harvey Oswald 2) Oswald was murdered by Jack Ruby 3) V.P. Johnson took oath of office aboard Air Force One III. Explain American’s reaction to President Kennedy’s assassination.

Chapter 28 Section 2 The Great Society

A. Lyndon B. Johnson’s Path to the White House 1) Senator from Texas – Senate Majority Leader a) ability to accomplish goals using forceful personality 2) V.P. of Kennedy – frustrated with powerlessness I. Describe Johnson’s path to the White House.

A. Johnson had a strong mandate. B. Congress was aware that America needed action to heal the loss of Kennedy. Swift passage of civil rights and tax-cuts. C. Great Society 1) Aid to public education, medical care, and poverty D. Election of ) Johnson landslide Victory over radical conservative – Barry Goldwater 2) Democrats took majorities in both houses of Congress II. List some of the programs and effects of Johnson’s Great Society.

E. Tax Cuts – Cut government spending F. War on Poverty G. Education – Federal aid to schools H. Health insurance 1) Medicare – for elderly 2) Medicaid – for poor I. Immigration Act of 1965 – eliminated quotas II. List some of the programs and effects of Johnson’s Great Society.

J. Effects of Great Society 1) Critics said it gave federal government too much power II. List some of the programs and effects of Johnson’s Great Society.

A. Protecting the constitutional rights of citizens accused of crimes. 1) Evidence seized illegally could not be used in a trial 2) Brown vs. Board of Education – outlawed segregation 3) Baker vs. Carr – apportionment 1) legislative distribution 2) “one person, one vote” 4) Miranda Rule 1) "You have the right to remain silent. If you give up the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you desire an attorney and cannot afford one, an attorney will be obtained for you before police questioning." III. Identify some of the landmark cases handed down by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren.

Chapter 28 Section 3 Foreign Policy in the Early 1960s

A. Bay of Pigs 1) Cuba and Fidel Castro 2) Soviets and Nikita Khrushchev 3) President Eisenhower had approved a CIA plan to overthrow Castro – Kennedy went along with plan 4) Invasion – April 17, 1961 – total disaster- clumsy and incompetent 5) U.S. attempt to destroy Cuba’s air power failed I. Describe the United States’ role in the Bay of Pigs invasion.

A. Berlin Wall 1) Soviets built the Berlin Wall in order to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West 2) Khrushchev bullied Kennedy B. Cuban Missile Crisis 1) Clash between the U.S. and Soviet Union that could have led to nuclear war. 2) Provoked Kennedy to quarantine (blockade) Cuba 3) Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba II.Analyze the events leading to the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

A. Alliance for Progress – cooperative effort to produce economic and social reform. 1) Encourage stability in Latin America 2) Discourage the spread of Communism (Containment) B. Peace Corps – program in which volunteers served in developing nations 1) Raise the standard of living in poor areas III. Outline the goals of Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress and the Peace Corps.

A. Dominican Republic 1) Sent Marines in order to protect American citizens living there. B. Vietnam 1) Containment – stop the spread of Communism IV.Summarize Johnson’s Foreign Policy.