Isotopic evidence for pig domestication and management during the Neolithic in Northern China Yaowu Hu Lab of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, CAS, Beijing, Department of Scientific History, Graduate University of CAS, Beijing,
Introduction The pig domestication and management provide stable meat resources for humans and lay a great foundation for human societies to get into civilization. The pig domestication and management provide stable meat resources for humans and lay a great foundation for human societies to get into civilization. How the pigs were domesticated and managed has been a great focus in zooarchaeological studies. How the pigs were domesticated and managed has been a great focus in zooarchaeological studies.
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methodology Morphological observations Morphological observations DNA analysis DNA analysis
Morphological observations flickr.com/photos/wessexarchaeology / /
Approximate dates and locations of original domestication SpeciesDateLocation Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)15000 BCEast Asia and Africa Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries)between BC Southwest Asia Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)10000 BCIran Pig (Sus scrofa domestica)9000 BCNear East, China Cow (Bos primigenius taurus)8000 BCIndia, Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa Cat (Felis catus)7500 BCCyprus and Near East Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) 6000 BCIndia and Southeast Asia Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)5000 BCPeru Donkey (Equus africanus asinus)5000 BCEgypt
Luo ， Huaxia Dili ， 2007
LEH analysis Dobley, et al., Journal of zoology London, 2004
Dobley et al. ， Archaeology(Chinese) ， 2006
DNA analysis files.wordpress.com/2008/08/journal-bone.png
Larson et al., PNAS, 2010
domestication Biological domestication: biological control Biological domestication: biological control Cultural domestication: cultural control Cultural domestication: cultural control Rusell, Society and animals, 2002
Bone chemistry You are what you eat!
C and N stable isotope analysis Ambrose, 1993
Questions What information the stable isotope analysis can tell us about the pig domestication and management in Chinese Neolithic? What information the stable isotope analysis can tell us about the pig domestication and management in Chinese Neolithic? What ’ s the interactions among human activities, pig husbandry, and agricultural development? What ’ s the interactions among human activities, pig husbandry, and agricultural development?
millets rice
Model of Stable isotope values of humans consuming rice and millets
Guan et al., Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007
Guan et al ， Quarternary Science (Chinese), 2008
Hu et al., Chinese Science in D, 2009
Hu et al., JAS, 2008
Barton, et al., PNAS, 2009
Fu et al., Chinese Sience Bulletin, 2010
Fu, unpublished data
Quanhucun site
conclusion Stable isotopic analysis of pig bones supplies an effective perspective to investigate the pig domestication and husbandry strategies and be greatly helpful to understand the interactions between humans,pigs, and agriculture. Stable isotopic analysis of pig bones supplies an effective perspective to investigate the pig domestication and husbandry strategies and be greatly helpful to understand the interactions between humans,pigs, and agriculture.
Future work More sites and more animal bones More sites and more animal bones Estimation of fish consumption to human diets by S isotopes Estimation of fish consumption to human diets by S isotopes
Acknowledgments Funding from CAS and NSFC Funding from CAS and NSFC A lot of scientists and archaeologists for their helpful suggestions and discussions A lot of scientists and archaeologists for their helpful suggestions and discussions