Human Organ Systems

Organs Structures that contain at least two types of tissue that work together for a common purpose What is the largest organ in the human body???

Functions:  Protection against physical injury, microbes, UV light and chemicals  Temperature regulation  Regulation of absorption and loss of water  Production of vitamin D  Sensory organ for temperature, pressure, touch and pain

The Organ Systems Skeletal Muscular Circulatory Nervous Respiratory Reproductive Digestive Excretory Endocrine Immune

Skeletal System Major organs: –Bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments Major functions: –Support for the body –Protection of delicate internal organs –Attachment sites for the organs

Muscular System Major Organs: –Skeletal muscles (attached to bones) –Smooth muscles –Cardiac muscle Major functions: –Movement of limbs –Movement of materials through organs such as stomach and intestine –Pumping of blood

Circulatory System Major organs: –Heart, blood vessels, blood Major function: –Transport of: Gases (CO 2 and O 2 ) Nutrients Hormones Wastes

Nervous System Major organs: –Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves Major functions: –Direction of behaviour and movement –Control of physiological processes such as digestion and circulation

Respiratory System Major Organs: –Nose, trachea, lungs Major function: –Gas exchange between blood and environment

Reproductive System Major organs: –Ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands –Testes, seminal vesicles, and penis Major function: –Reproduction (production of eggs and sperm)

Digestive System Major organs: –Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, small and large intestines Major function: –Breakdown and absorption of nutrients

Excretory System Major organs: –Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Major functions: –Filtration of blood –Excretion of wastes, excess water, excess nutrients, and toxins

Endocrine System Major organs: –Glands (e.g.: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal) Major function: –Secretion of hormones for control of physiological processes such as growth, absorption of nutrients, reproduction, etc

Lymphatic/Immune System Major organs: –Lymph, lymph nodes, vessels, white blood cells, T-cells, B-cells Major functions: –Destruction and removal of foreign bodies such as microbes, viruses, foreign tissue –Removal of fat and excess fluids from the blood

The Interconnection of Systems Respiratory System Circulatory System All cells, tissues, and organs Digestive System Excretory System (A)(B) (D)(E) (C) (F) (G) (H) (M) (N) (I) (J) (K) (L)

What do the red arrows represent? What do the blue arrows represent? Match the following terms to each letter (you may use some words more than once Air, carbon dioxide, cell waste, food, food nutrients, food waste, oxygen

Plant Organ Systems

Reminder (Tissues) 3 types: Dermal tissue – form the outer surfaces of plant parts Vascular Tissue – transport water, minerals and nutrients throughout the plant Ground Tissue – make up all other structures in the plant - in green parts of plant, use photosynthesis to make nutrients - in stems, provide storage and support - in roots, store carbohydrates

Root System Anchors the plant, absorbs water & minerals from the soil, and stores food Great variation in tissues and organs in this system depending on environment Useful source of food, flavourings, fibres, and natural remedies

Shoot System 2 main functions: conducts photosynthesis, and produces flowers for sexual reproduction Made up of 3 parts: the leaf, the flower and the stem

The Leaf Cells contain chloroplasts which perform photosynthesis Light energy + carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Some adapted for support, protection, reproduction and attraction Leaves can be used for food and medicine Spikes are modified leaves to protect the cactus from herbivores

The Flower Specialized for sexual reproduction Contain male structures (produce pollen), female structures (produce eggs), or sometimes both After pollination, female part form seeds (usually contained in fruit) Flowers, seeds, fruits can be used for food, flavouring and medicine Non-flowering plants such as conifers are wind pollinated and produce cones

The Stem Supports branches, leaves and flowers Transports materials (contains a lot of vascular tissue) some specialized for food storage, protection, photosynthesis and reproduction Can provide sugar cane, wood/paper products, cork, medicine