Objective By the end of today’s class period, I will be able to… Locate the major parts of the male reproductive system. Describe the function of the major parts of the male reproductive system. Describe the anatomy of the internal structures of the female reproductive system

Male Reproductive System Major Function: Makes sperm cells (gametes) which can fertilize female gametes to produce a zygote.

Scrotum A pouch of skin that hangs from the body below the pelvic cavity. Contains two testes and their associated ducts.

Scrotum The scrotum has a temperature of about 93.2F (the rest of the body is usually 98.6F) Sperm formation occurs most rapidly at this cooler temp.

Scrotum Two muscles (the cremaster and the dartos) pull the scrotum close to the body when it is cold and relax when it is warm.

Testes  The primary reproductive organs of the male reproductive system.

Seminiferous Tubules Sperm is manufactured in a network of tubules called seminiferous tubules

Epididymis  The epididymis holds the testes in place and connects the testes to the Vas Deferens.

Vas Deferens  Drains the testes and epididymis, carrying sperm to the pelvic cavity.

Quick Check Simon Says…

Penis  The penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.

Glans  The enlarged end of the penis.

Prepuce  Loose foreskin that covers the glans penis.

Penis  The shaft of the penis is composed of erectile tissue and the urethra.  The opening is called the External urethral orifice.

Female Reproductive System  Produces eggs  Provides location and nutrition for the development of eggs

The Ovaries Size: 1.5 – 3 cm Location: positioned against posterior wall of pelvic cavity

Ovaries  Produces female gametes and hormones  Female gametes are called ova  Secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Ovaries  Unlike testes, ovaries do not contain ducts.  Instead, there are ovarian follicles

Close-up of Ovary

Quick Comparison Female StructureMale Counterpart Ovaries Ova Progesterone/ Estrogen Ovarian Follicle

Overview of Ova Production  Each ovarian follicle contains a single oocyte (a cell that will become an egg)  The ovaries contain follicles in many stages of maturation.  One follicle reaches maturity every month and the oocyte is released from its ovary

Close-up of Ovary

Ducts of the Female Reproductive System  Unlike the male reproductive system, the female reproductive system is open at the ovarian end

Ducts of the Female Reproductive System  Also unlike the male system, the female reproductive ducts are separate from the urinary system

Turn and talk  Name at least 2 ways that the ducts of the female reproductive system are different from the male reproductive system

Ducts: Uterine Tubes

 Begin at the end of the ovary  The open end (hollow end) is open to the ovaries  The open end has fimbriae

Ducts: Fimbriae  Wrap partially around ovaries  Help sweep oocytes into ovarian tube Fimbriae

How do ooctyes get to the uterus?  Fimbriae and cilia sweep ooctyes and fluid toward the uterus  Peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscles also move ooctyes  The uterine tube opens into the lumen of the uterus

Some drawbacks to the open-ended design  Some oocytes do not make it into the uterine tube  Some ooctyes are fertilized before they reach the uterus. This egg will be aborted by the body.

Name this structure

Quick Check  Which reproductive organ in the female is the counterpart to the male testis?

Quick Check  At ovulation, how does the oocyte move to the uterus?

Quick Check  What are two major differences between the male and female reproductive duct systems?

The Uterus  Also known as the womb  Hollow organ located behind the bladder and in front of the rectum  Receives an egg to be fertilized and nourished.

Layers of the Uterine Wall  Outer Layer: Perimetrium  Smooth muscle layer: Myometrium  Inner mucosal layer: Endometrium

Endometrium  The layer which engulfs and nourishes a fertilized egg  This layer is shed during menstruation

The Cervix  The narrow passageway which connects the lumen of the uterus to the vagina

Quick Check  List the 3 layers of the uterus  Describe their location and role in the reproductive system

Vagina  A thin-walled structure below the uterus  Called the birth canal – baby passes through it during birth  Is an acidic environment to prevent bacterial infection

Quick Check  Where is the uterus located?

Quick Check  How many layers does the uterine wall have?

Quick Check  What connects the uterus to the vagina?

Final Practice  Compare the structures of the female reproductive system to the male system  Key Words:  Ovary  Ovarian Follicle  Ooctye  Uterine tube  Fimbriae  Uterus (and its 3 layers)  Cervix  Vagina