Warm Up – wait for the bell, have out paper 1) Listen to the music playing. 2) List anything that stands out. 3) Record the tone, or how it makes you feel. 4) Give the music a title. 5) Guess who composed it. WR4qU&feature=related WR4qU&feature=related

The Age of Enlightenment 1700s-1800s 1700s-1800s

The Age of Enlightenment The Enlightenment, a philosophical movement beginning in France that advocated Reason and logic as the basis of authority and all decisions and using reason and logic to solve social problems Reason

The Age of Enlightenment Heavily influenced by the Scientific Revolution in Europe during the 1600s –Scientific Revolution: the time period where scientists in Europe began to observe, hypothesize, and experiment to reach conclusions about the natural world Challenged prevailing religious beliefs and the Catholic Church’s authority on all things relating to the natural world: Ex Galileo was excommunicated from the Church for arguing that the Earth revolved around the sun (Helio-centered universe) instead of other way around Developed the Scientific Method

Philosophes – enlightenment thinkers who met to solve social problems were against Divine Right and believed the people are the source of government’s power met in underground clubs called Salons

Who Were the Philosophes So Mad at? King Louis XIV of France (r King Louis XIV of France (r “The Sun King” “The Sun King”

King Louis XIV (“The Sun King”) Ruled France as an absolute monarch in control of every aspect of every French citizen’s life Believed his entire kingdom revolved solely around him: called himself “The Sun King”

King Louis XIV (“The Sun King”) Lived a lavish life funded by heavy taxes on most of his subjects Most of his subjects lived in poverty with barely enough to eat

King Louis XIV (“The Sun King”) Believed in Divine Right: Believed God anointed him king so he was only responsible to answer to God, not to his subjects

Palace of Versailles Became the French capital Became the French capital 12 miles outside of Paris Really angered the Philosophes Built by King Louis XIV Shows how out of touch and insincere King Louis XIV was towards his subjects

Jean Jacque Rousseau ● Swiss Philosopher ● Swiss Philosopher ● ● ● Also had a “Social Contract” ● Also had a “Social Contract” ● Wrote The Social Contract ● Wrote The Social Contract Book in 1762 Book in 1762

Rousseau Believed humans were naturally good and corrupted by society, not the other way around (as Hobbes believed) Believed society forces people to compete bringing out the worst in people Believed government forces people to distrust each other and takes freedoms away

Rousseau Believed modern technology made people too dependent on one another Believed dependency created inequality, social classes, division

Rousseau’s Social Contract The Social Contract: published 1762 An entire society agrees to be governed by its general will. Believed government’s job was to help people be happy and needs cared for Believed if government did not do its job people had the right to remove leaders, rebel

Hobbes’ & Rousseau's Social Contracts Hobbes People are naturally wicked People need to surrender their independence to an absolute leader in exchange for law and order People do not have the right to rebel Rousseau People start out good and become corrupted by society People are the source of government’s power Government needs to help people People can rebel if leaders fail to do their job

Baron Montesquieu French Philosopher Believed government’s power needs to be checked

Baron Montesquieu Believed in 3 types of governments : ● Monarchies: ruled by a king/queen guided by honor ● Republics: ruled by elected officials guided by virtue ● Despotisms: ruled by absolute dictators guided by fear

Baron Montesquieu Separation of Powers Believed power in government had to be divided amongst different branches Believed checks and balances are necessary to keep one branch from becoming too powerful Believed the people needed safeguards from government becoming too powerful Heavily influenced America’s founding fathers 1770’s-1780’s 3 Branches of Gov’t included in US Constitution

Separation of Powers (Checks and Balances)

Adam Smith Believed the state should not interfere in economic matters. Laissez-Faire – The state should not interrupt the free play of natural economic forces, aka, the state should leave the economy alone.

John Locke British Philosopher Believed all people were born with 3 natural rights (Life, Liberty, Property)

John Locke Believed people are born with minds as a blank slate to be filled up: not naturally good or bad. Known as the tabula rasa. Believed it was human nature to want to figure things out and to want to make sense of the world around you People were molded by their experiences in the surrounding world.

Locke’s 3 Natural Rights Locke believed all people born with 3 Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property Locke’s Natural Rights heavily influenced America’s founders Natural Rights included in US Declaration of Independence (Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness)

Voltaire French Philosopher Staunch supporter of individual liberties

Voltaire Known for his wit and nonconformity Known for his criticism of Christianity and strong belief in religious toleration. Believed the universe to work like a clock.

Voltaire Staunch supporter of right to a fair trial Heavily influenced Heavily influenced leaders of the French leaders of the French Revolution Revolution Was opposed to censorship: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend, to the death, your right to say it."

Arts Handel – Composer most known for his religious work, “The Messiah”, and is considered to have perfected the Baroque Style with Bach. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Child Prodigy classical musician who composed the three great operas: “Don Giovanni” “The Marriage of Figaro” and “The Magic Flute.”

Seven Years War Fought over control of Silesia Britain & Prussia vs. France, Austria, Russia. Treaty of Paris 1763 – Allowed Britain to become the world’s greatest colonial power.