 Ethanol : The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages - Powerful and addictive  1.5 oz shot of hard liquor = 12 oz can of beer = 5 oz glass of wine (ALL EQUAL) -Using alcohol during teen years can affect brain development  Not fully developed until age 25

 Fermentation : The chemical action of yeasts and sugars -Water, flavorings, and minerals are mixed with ethanol -Beer, wine, and flavored malt drinks - Processed = spirits or liquors E_O4c (9 min – the truth about alcohol)

 Depressant : A drug that slows the central nervous system (CNS) -Slows reaction time -Impairs vision -Diminishes judgment

 Intoxication : The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced -Alcohol stays in the system until the liver can metabolize it (break it down) -The amount varies from person to person -Takes 1-2 hours for one alcoholic beverage to be processed in the body -The only thing that will sober up an intoxicated person is TIME!

 Body size › Smaller person feels the effects faster than a larger person.  Gender › Moves into the bloodstream faster in females than in males.  Food › Food in the stomach slows down the passage of alcohol into the bloodstream.  Rate of intake › Drinking alcohol faster than the liver can break it down = intoxication.

 Amount › As amount increases, the level of alcohol in the bloodstream rises.  Medicine › Alcohol can interfere with the effects of medicines › Medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol. AJ8https:// AJ8 (Do not mix with alcohol)

 C hange the effect of medicines  I llness or death  Warning labels are on medicines  Can decrease the effectiveness of some medicines, and increase the effectiveness of others  Mixing energy drinks with alcohol can be dangerous  VDFLrE VDFLrE

 Damage to brain cells  Reduction in brain size  Increase in blood pressure (heart attack or stroke)  Buildup of fat cells in the liver (cell death)  Damage to digestive lining of stomach ( ulcers and cancer)  Destruction of the pancreas

 Binge drinking : Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting Example: Drinking games  Alcohol poisoning : A severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose › Involuntary actions, such as breathing and gag reflex that prevents choking may be impaired

 A person who drinking alcohol might eventually pass out.  Unconscious : › Alcohol in the stomach continues to enter the bloodstream. › Blood alcohol level will continue to rise (increases the risk)

 Some symptoms of alcohol poisoning include : › Mental confusion and stupor › Coma and an inability to be awakened › Vomiting and seizures › Slow respiration › Irregular heartbeat › Hypothermia (low body temperature ) – pale or bluish skin color  If you suspect that someone has alcohol poisoning, call 911 immediately  Roll a person on their SIDE (not stomach or back)

The vast majority of young people say that they have at least consumed alcohol at some point in their lives.  Vodka is the most popular drink. Vodka is high in alcohol and if drunk in excess, can be very dangerous.  The majority of underage drinkers have their alcohol purchased by older ‘friends’.  Many young people drink in public places, not at home.  Young people tend to drink with their friends rather than under the supervision of a their parents / guardians.  Many young people who have been drinking, make bad decisions due to the influence of alcohol.  Many young people are unaware of the health consequences of drinking alcohol.  Many young people who have been arrested by the police, have been drinking. Consider the following scenarios and come up with an explain OR act out one APPROPRIATE response and one INAPPROPRIATE response for your scenario.

 Psychological dependence : A condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally. › MIND  Physiological dependence : A condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug. › BODY

 Peer pressure  Family  Media messages

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 In the United States, nearly 36 people die each day as a result of alcohol-related traffic collisions.  Alcohol use linked to accidental deaths: › Drowning › House fires › Falls › Car accidents

 It is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to buy, possess, or consume alcohol. › Very serious consequences. › Arrested and sentenced to a youth detention center. › An arrest and conviction can affect a teen’s future. › Limit college and employment options. › Damage a teen’s reputation. › Lose the trust of friends and family members.

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 Avoid situations where alcohol is present.  Fights more likely to break out at parties where alcohol is used.  Being involved in a fight = school or police disciplinary action.  More likely to be victims or perpetrators of violence crimes. › Rape, aggravated assault, and robbery › Alcohol use is a factor in one-third to two-thirds of sexual assaults or date-rape cases.

 Impairs judgment and lowers inhibitions › Compromise values.  More likely to become sexually active at an earlier age › Engage in unprotected sexual activity. › Twice as likely to contract an STD.  23 percent of sexually active teens use alcohol or drugs before engaging in sexual activity.

 Alcohol abuse : The excessive use of alcohol  Young people who live in a household in which a family member abuses alcohol are at a high risk for: › Neglect, abuse, or social isolation › Economic hardships › Personal use of alcohol themselves › Mental illness or physical problems *Drinking as a teen = four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence

 Zero - tolerance policy: A policy for students found using drugs or alcohol on school property. › Ineligible for or suspended from school activities or graduation › Expelled › Alternate education program.

 Blood alcohol content (BAC): The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage. Any amount of alcohol in the blood can cause the following: › Slow reflexes › Reduced ability to judge distances and speed › Increase in risk-taking behaviors › Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness

Driving while intoxicated (DWI) Driving under the influence (DUI)  21 or older = BAC of 0.08 percent = charged with drunk driving.  Under 21= no acceptable BAC  Riding in a vehicle with a driver who has been drinking is just as dangerous as if you were the one drinking and driving.

The consequences of DWI or DUI include:  Injuries or death  Arrest, jail time, fines, a police record, and possible lawsuits  Severely restricted driving privileges  Immediate confiscation of driver’s license  Higher auto insurance rates or cancelled insurance policy m5d5hnwA

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 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems. › Alcohol passes directly from her body into the bloodstream of the fetus. › Fetus processes alcohol much more slowly = more alcohol in the fetus’s system for a longer period of time.

 The effects of FAS are both severe and lasting.  Infants born with FAS might have the following problems: › Small head and deformities of face, hands, or feet › Heart, liver, and kidney defects › Vision and hearing problems › Central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities or poor coordination › Difficulties learning and short attention span › Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal

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 Alcoholism : A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol Symptoms of alcoholism:  Craving › Feeling a strong need for alcohol to manage tension or stress, and a preoccupation with alcohol  Loss of control › Inability to limit alcohol consumption  Physical dependence › Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety  Tolerance › A need to drink increasingly more alcohol in order to feel its effects

Alcoholic : An addict who is dependent on alcohol  The behavior of alcoholics varies › Aggressive and violent › Withdrawn  Not limited to any age, race, or ethnic or socioeconomic group.  Partially due to genetics.  Children of alcoholics are four times more likely to become alcoholics.

Environmental factors that contribute to alcoholism:  Family  Friends  Culture  Peer pressure  Availability of alcohol  Stress

 Develops in three stages  Alcoholics do not experience each stage equally. Stage 1 - ABUSE  Social drinking  Physical and psychological dependence develops  Memory loss or blackouts  Lies or makes excuses to justify drinking

Stage 2 - DEPENDENCE  Cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol  Tries to hide the problem, but performance on the job, at school, and at home suffers Stage 3 - ADDICTION  Addicted  Possible liver damage  Less alcohol for drunkenness  Severe withdrawal symptoms without it

 The United States is home to an estimated 17 million alcoholics and problem drinkers. › Alcohol abuse affects more than just the drinker › 40 percent of violent crimes are alcohol-related › Develop mentally unhealthy behaviors, such as codependency.  Ignore their own emotional and physical needs and instead focus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholic.  Lose their self-esteem and their trust in others, and their own physical health suffers.

 Recovery : The process of learning to live an alcohol-free life.  Sobriety (sober): Living without alcohol

Step 1 - ADMISSION  The person admits to having a drinking problem and asks for help. Step 2 - DETOXIFICATION  The person goes through detoxification, a process in which the body adjusts to functioning without alcohol. Step 3 - COUNSELING  The person receives counseling to help him or her learn to change behaviors and live without alcohol. Step 4 - RECOVERY  The person takes responsibility for his or her own life.

 Al-Anon/ Alateen: Helps families and friends learn to deal with the effects of living with an alcoholic.  Alcoholics Anonymous (AA): Provides help for alcoholics  Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) : Provides education to prevent underage drinking  Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD) : Provides peer-led education about avoiding alcohol use

 Plan ahead.  Be assertive.  Practice and use refusal skills.  Plan alcohol-free parties.

 Healthy: › Body › Relationships › Decisions  Avoiding: › Risky behaviors › Illegal activities › Violence  Achieving your goals