美国的政治制度 American Political System Lecturer: Steven·Wang Foreign Language Dept.

 Section sequence  1. Articles of Confederation  2. U.S Constitution  3. three branches of the U.S federal government  4.“Checks and Balances”  5.Bill of Rights  6.Political Parties

Capitol Hill

the White House

The Supreme Court

Focal points Focal points I. the Articles of Confederation I. the Articles of Confederation II. the making of the U.S Constitution II. the making of the U.S Constitution III. the three branches of the U.S federal government III. the three branches of the U.S federal government IV. the Bill of Rights IV. the Bill of Rights V. Political Parties V. Political Parties

Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island New Hampshire The Northeast Maryland Pennsylvania Delaware New York New Jersey The South Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia The Mid-Atantic The United States in 1783

the US National Flag and the US Emblem Arrows meaning Self-protection Olive branches: the pursuit of peace

Articles of Confederation  Relationships between the 13 colonies after the War of Independence States then Government then  …………………………………………… P hiladephia Rhode Island 1787 The Constitutional Convention

 Relationships between the 13 colonies after the War of Independence  ……………………………………………………………………………………..  like 13 independent states  with their own government, their own laws and responsibility for handling their own internal affairs.

 Articles of Confederation  a loose union, which could deal with only problems and needs beyond the power of individual states. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ⑴ raise money to pay off debts of the war. ⑵ establish a money system. ⑶ make treaties with foreign nations  obvious disadvantages

The U.S. Constitution Constitutional Convention ………………………………………………………. began in May of 1787, with Delegates from 12 states (except Rhode Island) ; ………………………………………………………………………………………….. for making changes necessary to strengthen the Articles of Confederation making a new constitution.

Constitution federal system President— election Congress— representatives elected Supreme court— national court system two main fears Bill of rights 1791

Federal System ……………………………………………... power is shared between a central authority ﹙ the federal government ﹚ and its constituent parts ﹙ state governments ﹚, with some rights reserved to each.

Two main fears …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1. that one person or group, including the majority, might become too powerful or be able to seize control of the country and create a tyranny.

division of power ………………………………………….. each branch has powers that the others do not have and each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by another branch.

2. that the new central government might weaken or take away the power of the state governments to run their own affairs.

the Constitution specified exactly what power the central government had and which power was reserved for the states.

The signing of the US Constitution

Weakness …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. no explicit guarantees of the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens. a "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791.

 The legislative …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….  make federal laws  levy federal taxes  declare war  put foreign treaties into effect

Formation of the Branch Congress: Congress: Congress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… the House of Representatives two-year terms and varying numbers of seats for different states based on population two-year terms, and varying numbers of seats for different states based on population …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... the Senate for six-year terms, two seats for each state for six-year terms, two seats for each state

 The executive branch is the president,the president …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  who is elected to a four-year term.  A president can be elected to only two terms according to an amendment passed in 1951.

 the President and the Cabinet ﹙ composed of secretaries of 13 different departments ﹚ : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  federal workers  Agriculture ; Commerce ; Defense ; Energy and Education ; Health and Human Services ; Housing and Urban Development ; Interior ; Justice ; Labor ; State ; Transportation ; Treasury Formation of the Branch

 The president The president ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….  ⑴ formulate public policy  ⑵ propose legislation to Congress  ⑶ veto a bill  ⑷ appoint federal judges  ⑸ act as commander in chief of the armed forces  ⑹ be responsible for foreign relations  ⑺ negotiate treaties with other countries. 奥巴马

 The judicial branch ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice and 8 associate justices.  jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution.

 the Supreme Court the Supreme Court composed of 1 chief justice and eight associate justices  11 federal courts of appeal,  91 federal district courts.  to assure the independence of federal judges: work for life or voluntary retirement. Formation of the Branch

checks and balances checks and balances System of “checks and balances” of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another. System of “checks and balances” of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.

a principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power. a principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power. This system was enacted through the Constitution of the United States in order to prevent any of its three branches from dominating the Federal government. This system was enacted through the Constitution of the United States in order to prevent any of its three branches from dominating the Federal government.

Bill of Rights  adopted in 1791  consisting of 10 amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing freedom and individual rights and forbidding interference with lives of individuals by the government. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  Freedom: of speech, of religion, of the press.

 Rights: to assemble in public places,  to pretest government actions,  to demand change,  to own weapons,  to a speedy trial by a jury and  to be represented by a lawyer  to call in witnesses.

Political Parties

Two major Political Parties The Donkey, symbol of the Democratic Party The elephant, symbol of the Republican Party

 Bipartisan system ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….  the Democratic Party the more liberal party, symbolized by the donkey ．  the Republican Party the more conservative party, symbolized by the elephant ．

 the Democratic Party ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  Under President Franklin Roosevelt’s “New Deal”, Democrats set up government programs that provided paid employment for people building dams and roads and public buildings and Social Security.

 the Republican Party ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  Republicans place more emphasis on private enterprise and often accuse the Democrats of making the government too expensive and of creating too many laws that harm individual initiative.

 High cost of campaigning for public offices  Americans do not have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. However, running for office without the money and campaign workers a party can provide is difficult.

Goodbye