WWI: Before, During & After

Extreme Nationalism

M.A.I.N Causes Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Militarism Militarism: The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army mobilized (or ready for battle) The build-up of military arms or ARMS RACE. New Technology: airplanes, U-boats, poison gas, machine guns, and tanks

Militarism Money Spent on Military (in millions of dollars) Germany1.3m5.0m France.73m4.0m Russia.40m1.2m

Alliances Alliances: A close association of nations that is formed to support the interest of those nations Allied Powers (aka, “Triple Entente”): Britain, France, Russia Central Powers: Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Imperialism Imperialism: The control of domination of one country over another. European nations were competing with each other for land around the world. Each country wanted to prove that it was the best and strongest.

European Control of Africa (1914)

Nationalism Nationalism: A deep devotion to one’s nation; national pride. It can also mean a desire for a nation’s independence. Serbia’s national flag

Spark! ASSASSINATION! Serbian nationalists killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Austria gave “Ultimatum” Means: Do This or Else! Serbian wouldn’t follow two points and so Austria- Hungary declared war

War quickly turns to Stalemate Western Front Both Germany and France set-up trenches Life in the trenches is miserable; MANY casualties New technology Examples: machine gun, poison gas, armored tanks It did not deliver the fast-moving war people expected; all it did was kill greater numbers of people

1917 Russia withdraws United States enters

The Allies Win the War

July 1918 Germany moved all forces to the Western Front The Second Battle of the Marne-- American troops broke the stalemate Central Powers begin to crumble Revolutions in Austria-Hungary German soldiers mutiny; Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down

The War Comes to an End Nov. 11, 1918: WWI ends! An armistice (truce) signed by Germany and the Allies

The Paris Peace Conference Jan. 18, 1919 a conference began to set the terms for peace 32 countries attended “Big Four” dominated the meeting Russia (in a civil war) and Central Powers were not present Palace of Versailles

The “Big Four” Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd George (England) Woodrow Wilson (USA) Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Wilson’s Fourteen Points a plan for a fair and lasting peace Wilson listed 14 things he believed would bring long- term peace to Europe. His ideas included: An end to secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade SELF-DETERMINATION: letting countries decide their own government (gain independence) “A general association of nations” that would protect “great and small states alike” (The League of Nations)

The Allies Dictate a Harsh Peace How do you think Britain and France felt about Wilson’s plan for peace? Why?

The Allies Dictate a Harsh Peace How do you think Britain and France felt about Wilson’s plan for peace? Why? Britain and France did not agree Their concerns: National security Strip Germany of war making power France wanted to punish Germany Why? Most of the fighting had occurred in France and Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay for the suffering

Exit Ticket Write a paragraph using as many of these terms as you can… Nationalism Militarism Alliances Central Powers Allied Powers Germany Austria-Hungary France Russia Great Britain Assassination