ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT: the course in US, European Union & Greece Aikaterini Yiannoukakou MSc, PhD cand.

E LECTRONIC GOVERNMENT The way for governments to use the most innovative ICTs, particularly web-based Internet applications, to provide citizens and businesses with more convenient access to government information and services, to improve the quality of the services and to provide greater opportunities to participate in democratic process The core of e-government is about the re- engineering of operations and transformation of the entire working mentality of public administration's back office by adopting ICTs

E LECTRONIC GOVERNMENT The main advantages are: Increased efficiency and effectiveness of public administration Reduction of both governmental expenses and transactional costs of public administration by eliminating the redundant procedures Supply of a more qualitative and straight-forward services with 24/7 seamless access Adoption of a horizontal agency-independent customer-centric model Amplification of the social capital and the reversal of the public opinion regarding the capability of the government to solve social problems The first step is the development of a national policy, legislative and regulatory framework which will lay long-terms measures and actions

UNITED STATES Horizontal and vertical separation of powers between federal, state and local government, each of which retain its autonomy and agency independency This separation imposes further complications in implementing a national-wide e-government policy US government is considered to be the biggest producer of government information world-wide, which has to be used, manipulated and exchanged between different levels of government First efforts for introducing IT into public administration date back to the early 1990s

UNITED STATES NATIONAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW Report “From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government that Works Better and Cost Less” in September 1993 Objective was to create a government that works better and cost less by empowering employees to put customers first, cutting the red tape that holds back employees and cutting back to basis 6 main measures of action to be implemented throughout all levels, where introduced Supplementary report “Re-engineering through Information Technology” aiming to introduce IT in public administration and develop a National Information Infrastructure

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PAPERWORK ELIMINATION ACT (1998) Designation the full electronic information exchange with federal agencies Introduction electronic signatures Introduction electronic storage and filling of employment reports Enforceability and legal effect of electronic records Electronic Signatures in Global & National Commerce Law –the e-Sign Law

UNITED STATES E-GOVERNMENT ACT (2002) Holistic approach to e-government by establishing: Office of E-Government (OEG) E-Government Fund E-government services and initiatives Federal Information Security Management Act Confidential Information Protection & Statistical Efficiency Act In 2007 the E-Government Reauthorization Act amended and extended the activities through 2012

UNITED STATES OPEN GOVERNMENT DIRECTIVE (2009) Memorandum on the Transparency and Open Government (January 2009) Open Government Directive (December 2009) introducing the 3 principals Transparency – what the Government is doing Participation – public contributing to policy formulation by stating opinions and ideas Collaboration – more efficient cooperation across government and between public administration and the stakeholders

EUROPEAN UNION e EUROPE INITIATIVES EU delayed to adopt an e-governement policy e Europe initiatives ( e Europe, e Europe 2002, e Europe 2005 & i 2010) Impementation of ICTs and Internet technologies in all aspects of everyday life Creation of an inclusive, integrated Information Society Bring Europe to digital age Accelerate the implementation of new economy based on information society Level off the disparities amongst Member- States

EUROPEAN UNION e EUROPE December 1999 Aimed to the modernisation of European economy Main objectives Interconnect every citizen, household, school, business and administration Create a compute literate Europe supported by entrepreneurial mentality Ensure social inclusion

EUROPEAN UNION e EUROPE 2002 June 2000 Main objectives Cheaper, faster, secure Internet Investment in people and skills Stimulate the Internet use Specific Government Online action Exploitation of enhancements of ICTs to make information accessible Member-States to provide generalised electronic public services by the end of 2002

EUROPEAN UNION e EUROPE 2005 May 2002 Main objectives Stimulating services, applications and content Developing broadband infrastructure Developing IPv6 Internet Protocol Focusing on security matters Specific section for e-government Broadband connection to public administration Interoperability 20 basic public services online Customisation of legal framework on electronic procurement

EUROPEAN UNION i 2010 June 2005 Main objectives Completion of a Single European Information Space Stregthening Innovation & Investment in ICT Achieving an Inclusive European Information Society Specific section for e-government to conform national policies in order to create an pan- european Information Society with impact to economic growth, employment and quality of life

GREECE Since the mid 1990s, Greece adopted several Operational Programs which aimed to the reformation and modernisation of the public sector All measures and actions should conform with the initiatives adopted by European Union However, the efforts weren’t always successful and some of them failed in the course of implementation.

GREECE OP INFORMATION SOCIETY Introduced in 2000 covering the period Main objectives Citizens and quality of life Economic development and human resources Principals of innovation and entrepreneurship, democracy and personal freedoms, equal opportunities and social inclusion E-government Action Line with 9 categories of specific actions

GREECE OP DIGITAL CONVERGENCE Introduced in 2007 covering the period Digital Leap Objectives Productivity enhancements by capitalizing on ICT ICT and quality of life improvement March 2010 public deliberation to re-design the initial strategies Open data and open standards Interoperability Cloud computing and data centers multi-channel distribution

GREECE DRAFT BILL ON E-GOVERNMENT January 2011 First integrated legal attempt on e- government 30 Articles creating a context that determines the responsibilities and rights of all sides involved as well as a defined framework on e- government Still under elaboration with many points to be clarified and subjected to further regulatory and legislative definition

Concluding… US has rushed into providing a national-wide approach to e-government since the beginning of 1990s EU delayed in adopting policy initiatives which would guide Member-States towards an inclusive, integrated Information Society and level off the differences among them in order to accomplish the transformation of the economy, the society and the culture of Europe Greece has lacked behind in adopting a policy towards e- government, and still has a long way to catch up with the most advanced countries The interest focuses on how governments can materialise the constant changing and revolutionary nature of e-government to accomplish their mission, namely to serve their citizens with an efficient and effective way

Thank you for your attention!