Science Exhibition HYDRO-ELECTRICITY PROJECT

MEMBERS IN OUR GROUP: SREEJAN R. MAHANTA (Group Leader) JASRAJ SARMA SWAGATMITRA BHATTACHARYA ANUBHAV DAS ZIYAD ZAMAN SIDDHART BOSE NAVAJEET BHAGAWATI

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Any moving object has kinetic energy.

Humans first learned to harness the kinetic energy in water by using waterwheels. A waterwheel is a revolving wheel fitted with blades, buckets, or vanes. Waterwheels convert the kinetic energy of flowing water to mechanical energy. This later gave the idea of Hydro-power.

What Is Hydro- electricity? Hydro electricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydro power ; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) than fossil fuel powered energy plants.

History Of Hydro- electricity. Hydro power has been used since ancient times to grind flour and perform others tasks. In the mid-1770s, a French engineer Bernard Forest de Belabor published Architecture Hydraulique which described vertical- and horizontal-axis hydraulic machines. In the late 1800s, the electrical generator was developed and could now be coupled with hydraulics. The growing demand for the Industrial Revolution would drive development as well. In 1878, the world's first house to be powered with hydroelectricity was Cragside in Norththumberland England. The old Schoelkopf power station No 1 near Niagara falls in the U.S. side began to produce electricity in 1881.

Hydro-Power Plant

Turbine Blades Of A Dam

Hydro-Power Plant (Small Amount Energy)

Conversion of Water To General Electricity Water in dam (P.E.) Turbine (M.E.) Generator ( E) Nozzle (K.E.)

General Layout Of a Dam

Inside of a Hydro-Power Plant

Methods To Generate Hydro-power There are four methods to generate Hydro electricity :-  Tide  Pumped-storage  Run-of-the-river  Conventional

Types Dams

Simple View Of a Dam

Inside Of A Generator

Block Diagram of A Dam DAMTURBINE POWER HOUSE INTAKE GENERATOR PENSTOCK RESEVOIR POWER LINE TRANSFORMER

World Renewable Energy Potential

Types Of Dam on The Basic Of Size Pico hydroelectric plant Micro hydroelectric plant Small hydro electric plant Mini hydroelectric plant Medium hydroelectric plant Large hydroelectric plant

Advantages Of Hydro- electricity Renewable, non-radioactive & non-polluting source of Energy Reliable, clean and efficient Energy Source. Low cost of generation Low operation & maintenance charges Inherent ability for quick starting, stopping & instantaneous load acceptance/ rejection Meet peak load requirement. Avoided Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from equivalent thermal and other fuel based power projects Increase in Agriculture Productivity through development of irrigation and multipurpose schemes Flood Mitigation through large storage dams

Disadvantages Of Hydro-electricity Ecosystem damage and loss of land Siltation Flow shortage Methane emissions (from reservoirs) Relocation Failure hazard

Major Hydro-power Generating Unit Projects in India

NAME STATE CAPACITY (MW) BHAKRA PUNJAB 1100 NAGARJUNA ANDHRA PRADESH 960 KOYNA MAHARASHTRA 920 DEHAR HIMACHAL PRADESH 990 SHARAVATHY KARNATAKA 891 KALINADI KARNATAKA 810 SRISAILAM ANDHRA PRADESH 770

Top 10 Countries Who Generate & Use Hydro- power

NAME POWER CAPACITY INSTALLED CAPACITY TAJIKISTAN CANADA USA BRAZIL CHINA RUSSIA NORWAY JAPAN INDIA FRANCE

Hydro-power Generated From Different States Of India

S.NoStateTotal NumberTotal Capacity 1Andhra Pradesh Assam Gujarat25.6 4Himachal Pradesh Haryana27.4 6Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerela Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Punjab Tamil Nadu Uttaranchal West Bengal56.45 Total

Selections Of Sites For Hydro-power. Availability of water Water storage Water head Distance from the load center Accessibility of site Water pollution Sedimentation Large catchment area Availability of land There should be stream diversion during the period of construction.

The Time Taken To Build An Average Micro-Dam Is 3 ½ Years.

Because the water cycle is continuous, hydropower is a renewable energy source.

Even Though Hydro- electricity is Renewable, We Must Save It.