What do all of these things have in common?

Atomic Theory Atoms are the building blocks of all matter, which included elements Similar atoms in each element Different from atoms of other elements

What Are Atoms? Atoms are the building blocks of matter. So what is “matter”? Anything that has mass AND takes up space (volume). Examples: Apple, person, air, water

ParticleSymbolCharge Protonp++1 Electrone- Neutronn0 Subatomic Particles: Smaller Parts of an Atom

Location of Subatomic Particles

Number of Protons The Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom. For example: An atom with 6 protons MUST be a carbon atom (C) and has an atomic number of 6. An atom with 20 protons MUST be a calcium atom (Ca) and has an atomic number of 20. Looking at your periodic table what atom has an atomic number of 16?

Number of Electrons An atom is electrically neutral because: the number of protons = the number of electrons For example: Lithium (Li)= 3 protons and 3 electrons Argon (Ar)= 18 protons and 18 electrons Think peer share: How many protons and electrons does Magnesium (Mg) have?

Number of Neutrons The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus Protons + Neutrons = mass number For example: 14 C has a mass number of 14. Carbon has an atomic mass of x = 14 Thus: 14-6 =x x=8 Try yourself: How many protons and neutrons does 25 Mg have?

Electron Levels (Shells) Low energy electrons are closest to the nucleus and are filled first The first shell can have a maximum of 2 electrons The second, third and forth shell can have a maximum of 8 electrons

Atomic Number Counts the number of? in an atom

Mass Number Counts the number of ? + ? in an atom

What is the mass number for each element? How do you know? 8O8O8O8O 15 P 30 Zn Subatomic Particles p+ 8 e- 8 n 15 p+ 16 n 15 e- 30 p+ 35 n 30 e-

What Are Isotopes? Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) with different atomic masses. Isotopes of Chlorine Cl Cl Cl-35 Cl-37 chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37 chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37

Text Isotopes Hydrogen Isotopes

Isotopes 18 8 O P Zn Identify how many protons, neutrons and electrons each Isotope has. each Isotope has. 8 p+ 8 e- 10 n 15 p+ 13 n 15 e- 30 p+ 34 n 30 e-

12 C 13 C 14 C Learning Check Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes, C- 12, C-13, and C-14. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms. 6 p+ 6 e- 6 n 6 p+ 7 n 6 e- 6 p+ 8 n 6 e-

What Are Elements? Pure substances made up of all the same type of atom The 4 most abundant elements on Earth are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen (POINTER: COHN or NOCH) 118 elements known today (2011) Examples: carbon goldcalcium

What element do these things have in common?

Here’s a Hint…

IRON (Fe) Latin: ferrum Cheapest… Most common… Most useful… Used extensively for the making of STEEL

IRON (Fe) Latin: Ferrum It also carries oxygen in hemoglobin in red blood cells.

CCARBONCoCOBALT NNITROGENCaCALCIUM FFLUORINEBrBROMINE OOXYGENMgMAGNESIUM Symbols of Elements

ELEMENTSYMBOL LATIN NAME COPPERCuCUPRUM GOLDAuAURUM LEADPBPLUMBUM MERCURYHgHYDRARGYRUM POTASSIUMKKALIUM SILVERAgARGENTUM SODIUMNaNATRIUM TINSnSTANNUM Symbols from Latin Names

ELEMENT % IN BODY ELEMENT O65K0.34 C18S0.26 H10Na0.14 N3Cl0.14 Ca1.4Fe0.004 P1.0Zn0.003 Mg0.50 % Major Elements in the Body

Take a guess what the correct symbol is for the element! Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir 2) FE3) Fe

Take a guess what the correct element is! Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean3) gold

Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to: The number of protons The way they look The way they act

The Periodic Table Shows the mass number and atomic number Gives the symbol of the element mass number Na Na atomic number atomic number

Groups of Elements Vertical (up and down) columns on the periodic table Indicates the number of electrons on the outer most shell called valence electrons.

Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal (left to right) rows on the Periodic Table. Numbered 1-7 Indicates the number oforbitals or shells the element has.

Periods on the Periodic Table

Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Chlorine (Cl) Using The Periodic Table In your notes, use your periodic tables to determine the following for the elements at the bottom. The number of protons The number of neutrons The number of shells The number of electrons on the outer most shell (valence electrons) Draw the Bohr model for each

CaCalcium 20 p+ 20 n # shells = 4 # valence e- = 2 MgMagnesium 12 p+ 12 n # shells = 2 # valence e- = 2 ClChlorine 17 p+ 17 n # shells = 3 # valence e- = 7 Ca X X XX XX XX X XX XX XX X X XX XX XX X X XX XX XX X X XX XX XX X XX XX Mg X X XX XX XX X XX XX XX X X XX XX XX X Cl X X XX XX X X XX XX XX X X XX XX XX X X XX XX XX X X XX XX XX X XX