Ecological Relationships. Biosphere  The biosphere is the portion of the earth in which living things and non-living things exist.  The ecosystem is.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ecology The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.
Advertisements

Interactions of Living Things Guided Notes
Ecology.
ECOLOGY The study of interactions of organisms and their environment.
Ecology The study of interactions between organisms & their environment.
There are levels of organization in an ecosystem:
Food Chains, Food Webs, and the Transfer of Energy
THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Ecology. Ecology Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. Compare the.
Objectives: Understand the elements that make up ecosystems and significance Make thorough observations of the elements of an ecosystem Make contributions.
The interaction of organisms with the environment.
Ecology The world around us.
Principles of Ecology Unit 2 Chapter 2. What is ecology?  Ecology: study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.
Ecology Quiz Review.
Ecology.
INTERACTION OF LIVING THINGS AND CYCLES IN NATURE. Chapter 2 and 3 review.
Ecology.
Ecology.
Regents Review 4 Ecology: The Biosphere. Ecology Basic Terms Define the term biotic Biotic – living part of the ecosystem Plants animals Define the term.
Environment The physical surroundings of an organism, including all the conditions and circumstances that affect its development.
Interactions in the Environment © Lisa Michalek. POPULATIONS & COMMUNITIES  POPULATION –All the organisms of one species that live in one place at a.
Chapters 3-5 Biology – Miller • Levine
Ecology The Study of the Environment. Biosludge  What is it?   sludge-fertilizer-upsetting-neighbors/
1 Ecology Review. 2 What is Ecology?  Ecology - the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.  This includes: abiotic (nonliving)
Ecology. WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer Ecology.
Ecology: The study of Interactions among Organisms and its environment including: Abiotic factors are nonliving factors such as temp. soil, air, rocks.
Ecology. ECOLOGY What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment?
Topic: Ecology MI: Organization in the Biosphere.
ECOLOGY: The study of how organisms interact with the living and nonliving things that surround them.
Mrs. Geist Biology, Fall Swansboro High School.
Food Chains, Food Webs, and the Transfer of Energy
Principles of Ecology. What is Ecology?  Ecology is the study of organisms and their environment.  People have always shown an interest in nature and.
Ecology. What is Ecology? Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms (biotic factors) and between organisms and their environment (abiotic factors).
Food Chains/Webs Investigative Science Basha High School.
PRINCIPALS OF ECOLOGY CHAPTER 3 BEGININIGS OF ECOLOGY ECOLOGY- SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS ECOLOGY- SCIENTIFIC.
Ecology. What is Ecology? Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment. Ecology is the study of interactions.
What is ecology? Ecology-the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer It is a science of.
Vocabulary Review Ecology. Portion of earth that supports life. Biosphere.
Ecology An introduction…. Question Are organisms, including humans, “islands”. Why or why not? Support your answer.
10% Rule Only 10% of the energy present at one feeding is passed on to the next feeding level.
Living Things! Factors that affect living things are: Biotic factors – things that are alive or were alive (other organisms) Abiotic factors – things.
Ecology Chapter 2.
UNIT 6 PART 1: ORGANIZATION IN THE BIOSPHERE
Biology Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology. 2.1 Organisms & Their Environment Ecology-the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their.
DO NOW: Organisms & Their relationships How does this picture show that living things need each other for survival?
Chapter 3: The Biosphere. What is Ecology? Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. Scientific study.
Ecology: the study of how organisms interact with their environment.
Ecology Exam Review. Which phrase best describes an ecosystem? 1. all the living organisms in a specific location 2. all the nonliving materials in a.
Food Chains/Food Webs. How Organisms Interact Autotrophs – Organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds. These types.
Ecology: Community Interactions. Food Web Notes/2.0: Energy and feeding relationships! Terms to know…..
Autotrophs A groups of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food) – They use the process.
UNIT 6 PART 1: ORGANIZATION IN THE BIOSPHERE  The biosphere is the part of earth where living things exist.  It is about 20 km thick from the ocean floor.
Ecology.  Ecology is the study of how living things interact with other living things in their environment in various ways.
What is Ecology? – study of interactions between creatures & their environment, because… Everything is connected to everything else.
Food Chains, Food Webs Transfer of Energy
UNIT 6 PART 1: ORGANIZATION IN THE BIOSPHERE
PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY.
Unit 12 Vocabulary.
Food Chains, Food Webs, and the Transfer of Energy
Introduction to Ecology
Food Chains, Food Webs, and the Transfer of Energy
FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS: How do organisms obtain their energy?
Populations and Communities
Ecology The study of relationships between all organisms and their environment. Ecosystem is all biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) things that.
Catalyst Describe the rule of 10%..
Ecosystem and Ecology.
Biology Ecology Jeopardy.
What is Ecology?.
Ecology.
UNIT 4 – INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY
Presentation transcript:

Ecological Relationships

Biosphere  The biosphere is the portion of the earth in which living things and non-living things exist.  The ecosystem is a community and the physical environment that it occupies.

Biotic vs. Abiotic  Biotic factors are living factors  Examples include: animals and plants

Abiotic Factors  Abiotic factors are non- living factors in the environment.  Examples: Water, Oxygen, Light, Sun Temperature, Soil, Rocks

 Biotic factors depend on abiotic factors for there survival. Abiotic factors sometimes become limiting factors. A limiting factor is a factor that controls a process, such as an organism growth or species population, size, or distribution

Producers, Consumers and Decomposers  Energy must flow through an ecosystem to allow organisms to survive and reproduce.  Producers are organisms that are autotrophs. They make up the base of the energy pyramid.  Producers are the most abundant in the ecosystem. –Producers are autotrophs which are organisms that can produce their own food using abiotic factors. (Plants and grass) Examples of autotrophs include organisms that perform what process?

Consumers  Consumers are heterotrophs and must obtain nutrients from other organisms. –There are primary consumers, also known as, first level consumers. –They make up the first level of the energy pyramid. –An example of primary consumers are herbivores. (organisms that eat producers)

Secondary Consumers  Second level on the energy pyramid.  Organisms that make up the second level are considered to be carnivores or meat eaters.  Examples include: frogs, snakes,

Tertiary Consumer  These organisms make up the third level of the energy pyramid.  These organisms are considered to be omnivores, which are organisms that eat meat and plants.  Examples include: grizzly bear, raccoons, skunks, owls

Decomposers  These are the “recyclers” of our food webs and chains. They generate important nutrients for the soil so that producers can grow.  They work by breaking down dead organisms so that the decay can be reused by the ecosystem.  Example of decomposers include: mushrooms, bacteria, mold and worms. worms.  Without decomposers there would be no transfer of energy. Every food chain and web needs decomposers.

The Energy Pyramid  The base of the pyramid is larger and as you move up each trophic level it becomes more narrow.  Why is it bigger on the bottom?  Why does it become more narrow?

 As you move up each trophic level the amount of energy transferred between organisms and the biomass (amount of organisms) decreases.

Food Chains and Webs  Organisms carry out feeding relationships with each other.  When a series of organisms pass energy to and from each other it is called a food chain.  Series of food chains interconnected create food webs.

The arrows in the chain represent the transfer of energy. The direction of the arrow represents where the organism is getting the energy from.

Where is the grasshopper getting it’s energy from? Where is the mouse getting it’s energy from?

Carrying Capacity   Carrying capacity is the amount of organisms that environment can hold.   If carrying capacity is reached no more organisms will reproduce.

Symbiotic Relationships   There are four types of close (symbiotic) relationships that organisms can have.   They include: Predator-Prey, Commensalism, Mutualism and Parasitism.

Predator/Prey   Relationship of the hunter (predator) and the hunted (prey)   Examples include: Predator Prey Hawk Trout Snake Mouse

  Commenselism- A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected (+,o). – –Examples include: Shark and Remora fish Barnacles and Whales   Mutualism- A relationship where both organisms benefit. (+,+) – –Examples include: Flower and bee Bacteria and legumes

  Parasitism- when one organism benefits and the other is harmed (+, - ). – –The organism that is being harmed is called the host organism. Examples include: Host Parasite Dog Flea Feet Fungus

Materials Cycle   There are certain materials that get recycled in the environment.   The three materials cycle include the carbon-oxygen cycle, the water cycle and the nitrogen cycle.

Carbon-Oxygen   This cycle involves the process of photosynthesis and respiration.   It is the recycling of carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and glucose

The Water Cycle   It is the material cycle the recycles water.   It involves the process of photosynthesis, transpiration, evaporation, condensation and respiration.

The Nitrogen Cycle   Nitrogen cycle recycles the nitrogen necessary for production of proteins.   It involves decomposers and other bacteria that break down nitrogen wastes and the remains of dead organisms.

Ecological Succession   Ecosystems go through changes until a climax (stable) community is attained.   The replacement of one community by another is called ecological succession.   A community can be replaced by another over a long period time.

Primary vs. Secondary Succession   Primary succession begins with pioneer organisms ( bare rock and lichens) and works it way up to a forest or a “climax community”   Secondary succession is when you have a climax community and a natural disaster like a fire destroys and it must rebuild itself again.