Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Objectives 4.2 Niches and Community Interactions - - Define niche. -Describe the role.

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Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Objectives 4.2 Niches and Community Interactions - - Define niche. -Describe the role competition plays in shaping communities. -Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities. -Identify the three types of symbiotic relationships in nature.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Habitat or Niche??? Habitat ~ the place where an organism lives. Niche ~ describes not only where it lives, but how it interacts with biotic and abiotic factors in the environment.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Resources A resource is anything necessary for life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, mates or space.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Competition Competition occurs when two or more organisms attempt to use the same limited resource in the same place at the same time.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions The Competitive Exclusion Principle The competitive exclusion principle states that no two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Dividing Resources Instead of competing for similar resources, species usually divide them.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Predator-Prey Relationships An interaction in which one animal (the predator) captures and feeds on another animal (the prey) is called predation. Predators can affect the size of prey populations in a community and determine the places prey can live and feed.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Keystone Species??? Sometimes changes in the population of a single species, often called a keystone species, can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Symbioses Any relationship in which two species live closely together is called symbiosis, which means “living together.” The three main classes of symbiotic relationships in nature are mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Mutualism When both species involved benefit from the relationship, it is called mutualism.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Parasitism When one species benefits and the other one is harmed, the relationship is called parasitism.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Niches and Community Interactions Commensalism When one organism benefits and the other one is neither helped nor harmed, the relationship is called commensalism.