: The World at War : The World at War
Its Been Called… “The Family Feud” “The War to End All Wars” “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”
Europe in 1914
Causes of the War
M ilitarism A lliances N ationalism I mperialism A ssassination I. Five Causes of WWI
1. Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%
– Strongly promoting the development of armed forces within a nation. Best Army in Europe pre WWI = Germany Best Navy in Europe pre WWI = England
2. Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
– The Triple Entente (Allies) France, Russia, Great Britain – The Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Germany, Austria – Hungary, Ottoman Empire
The Major Players: Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]
3. Nationalism
– Extreme Pride in one’s nation and culture. “our way is the right way” Multiple countries in Europe felt this way
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe
4. Imperialism
– extension of a nation's territory beyond its borders through the establishment of colonies. More competition
Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip
The Spark Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinard – Heir to the throne in Austria – Hungary Shot by Gavrillo Princip –Part of radical group in Serbia Serbia had an alliance with Russia – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia They want revenge Eventually things spiral out of control due to the Alliance System
Who’s To Blame?
The War
II. WWI officially begins August 3rd, A. Germany is the aggressor –Goal is to colonize parts of Europe –They tried elsewhere (globally) and failed
B. Germany’s strategy—the Schlieffen Plan – Step #1 = Hold off Russia – Step #2 = Quickly Defeat France This involved taking over Belgium too – Step #3 = Focus all attention on Russia
Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years!
The Schlieffen Plan
C. Why didn’t the Plan work? – Reason #1 = France was tougher to defeat than Germany thought. – Reason #2 = Germany didn’t count on Britain or the U.S. getting involved.
III. Why did the British get involved? A. England had an alliance with Belgium –They honored their agreement B. England was afraid it would lose its status as THE GLOBAL SUPERPOWER if it didn’t get involved
German Atrocities in Belgium
Australian Poster
American Poster
Financing the War
Recruitment Posters
For Recruitment
New French Recruits
A Young Australian Recruit
Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
V. Why did the U.S. get involved? 1. In 1915, Germany sunk the Lusitania – It was a passenger ship, not a warship – 1200 people died including over 100 Americans 2. In 1916, Germany fired upon the Sussex – another passenger ship. – Wilson demands that Germany not fire on any more passenger ships – Germany agrees (the Sussex Pledge) then breaks 3. Zimmerman Note 4. Russian Revolution—1917—Democracy!
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”
A Multi-Front War
The Western Front
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Americans in the Trenches
Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
Sacrifices in War
The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The Airplane
The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
The Zeppelin
Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers
Poison Gas Machine Gun
The Eastern Front
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles,
The Tsar with General Brusilov