Classification of Matter

Matter mass Matter, the material of which the universe is composed, may be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass Mass Mass is a measure of quantity of matter What is matter?

How can we classify a material? element  by its chemical constitution as an element, compoundmixture a compound, or a mixture solidliquidgas  by its physical state as solid, liquid, or gas

A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances Element

NameSymbol Physical appearence Formula AluminiumAl Silvery white metal Al BromineBr Reddish brown liquid Br 2 HydrogenH Colorless gas H2H2 IodineI Bluish black solid I2I2 OxygenO Colorless gas O2O2 PhosphorusP Yellowish waxy solid P4P4 PotassiumK Soft, silvery white metal K SulfurS Yellow solid S8S8

At present different elements are known About of the elements can be extracted from natural sources, but only about elements are fairly common

Elements of the living organism: 11 elements can be found in the living organism in large quantity: H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca

7 elements in small quantity: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, I, Mo 7 elements are important only for a few species: B, F, Si, V, Cr, Se, Sn

A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions chemically and that can be chemically decomposed into these elements Compound water: e.g. water: 11.19% hydrogen 88.81% oxygen iron (III) oxyde: iron (III) oxyde: 70.0% iron 30.0% oxygen

Known compounds: oover inorganic oover organic

Consist two or more pure substances and have variable composition Homogeneous (air, salt in water, silver-gold alloy) Homogeneous mixture appears uniform throughout and is usually called a solution (air, salt in water, silver-gold alloy) Heterogeneous (iron + sulfur; iron + sand) Heterogeneous mixture is not uniform throughout but consists of parts that are physically distinct (iron + sulfur; iron + sand) Mixtures

HomogeneousPuresubstances Homogeneous by physical Pure substances mixtures mixtures means into HeterogeneousHomogeneous Heterogeneous by physical Homogeneous mixturesmatter mixtures means into matter CompoundsElements Compounds by chemical Elements means intoMATTER

State of Matter CompressibilityFluidity Relative Denstiy GasHighFluidLow LiquidVery lowFluidHigh SolidVery lowRigidHigh Gas:atoms, ions, or molecules in constant, random motion through mostly empty space Liquid:atoms, ions, or molecules closely spaced and in constant motion Solid:atoms, ions, or molecules at closely spaced, approximately fixed sites