© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Diversity Amid Globalization 6th Edition Chapter 14 Lecture Australia and Oceania Sandra Zupan University of Kentucky

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Describe the geographic characteristics of the region known as Oceania. Identify the major environmental issues problematic to Australia and Oceania, as well as the pathways toward solving those problems. Explain how the Pacific Rim of Fire is linked to the landforms of Oceania. Describe the different sources of energy used in Australia and New Zealand and how this influences the amount and kind of greenhouse gas emissions produced in each country. Learning Objectives

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Summarize the prehistoric peopling of the Pacific, as well as the colonial exploration and settlement of Australia and Oceania. Explain the changing migration patterns to and within postwar Australia and Oceania. Describe the historical and modern interactions between native peoples and Anglo-European migrants in Australia and Oceania. Describe the different pathways to independence taken by countries in Oceania. Learning Objectives (Continued)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Summarize why and how Oceania has become a contested region between global superpowers. Describe the diverse economic geographies of Oceania. Explain the positive and negative interactions of Australia and Oceania with the global economy. Learning Objectives (Continued)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Oceania Polynesia Melanesia Micronesia Outback Mallee High and low islands Atoll Marsupials Aborigine Maori Viticulture Kanakas White Australia Policy Uncontacted peoples Pidgin English Haoles Microstates Native Title Bill Exclusive economic zones Closer Economic Relations (CER) Agreement Key Concepts

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Vast region, dominated by water Australia, New Zealand, and the island subregions of Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia Shared elements of indigenous and colonial history Setting the Boundaries

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Australia and Oceania

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Australian Outback Physical Landscape The Great Dividing Range

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Physical Landscape Australia: The Great Barrier Reef New Zealand: The Alps

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Climate

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Island Landforms Bora Bora: High Island Atoll: Evolution

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Kangaroo Unique Species Brown Tree Snake

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Complex Environmental Issues

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Nauru: Devastating Phosphate Mining Natural Resource Extraction Oceania: Logging and Deforestation

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-foot increase by 2100 Flooding Ecological damages Migration Climate Change: Sea-Level Rise Kiribati: Flood Damage

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Fiji: Hydroelectric Power Growing Environmental Awareness Hawaii: Wind Power

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Population and Settlement Combined influences of indigenous and European settlement

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Indicators Australia: Highly urbanized

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Downtown Melbourne Contemporary Population Patterns Downtown Perth

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Peopling the Pacific Historical settlement patterns Aborigine

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Polynesians: Voyaging Canoes Colonization Europeans, Maori, and Resistance

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Downtown Sydney Urban Landscapes Papua New Guinea

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Australia: Viticulture Agricultural Landscapes Oceania: Taro Cultivation

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Diverse Demographic Paths Australia: Low Natural Growth Solomon Islands: Growing Population

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Environmental arguments Anti-immigration groups Policy measures Population Debates Australia (population size of greater Los Angeles): Too Many People or Not Enough?

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Multicultural Australia –Aboriginals and immigrants –Kanakas and White Australia Policy New Zealand –Maori –British influence Cultural Coherence and Diversity Australian Aborigines

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Dramatic Changes: Pre– and Post–White Australia Policy Immigration to Australia

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Australia’s Asylum Problem Refugees from Southeast Asia Refugees and the Australian Army

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. English Austronesian languages Uncontacted peoples Pidgin English Language Geography

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Cultural Diversity Maori CultureNative Hawaiians

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Gender in Australia and New Zealand Colonial influences on Maori women Aboriginal society Gender Geography Julia Gillard, Former Prime Minister

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. New Zealand: All- Black Rugby Sports United States: Samoan Football Player

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Geopolitical Framework

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Geopolitics Native Hawaiian Nationalism U.S. Marines in Australia

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Aboriginals at Uluru National Park Land and Native Rights Issues Native Land Claims

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Economic disparities and variable futures Development Indicators

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Trade with China Australia’s Economy Tourism

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. New Caledonia: Nickel Mine Guam: Honeymoon Tourism Oceania’s Economic Diversity

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Developed world challenges Social conditions of Aborigines, Maoris, and native peoples less favorable Continuing Social Challenges Hawaii: Distribution of Poverty