Revision questions Development indicators Composite indicators Value of indicators

Types of questions that you can be asked Name Social or Economic indicators. Describe the value of single indicators. Explain why HDI and PQLI are better than a single indicator.

Question: Name 4 Social and 4 Economic development indicators.

Question: Remember you must say the full indicator. For example Birth Rate alone would get no marks. Birth Rate per 1000 people of the population.

Question: 2009 P2 Q6 (a) Study Reference Map Q6 which shows the Human Development Index (HDI) for countries of the world. Explain the advantages of using a composite indicator of development such as the HDI rather than a single indicator.

Question: 2009 P2 Q6 (a) Study Reference Map Q6 which shows the Human Development Index (HDI) for countries of the world. Explain the advantages of using a composite indicator of development such as the HDI rather than a single in indicators Essentially single indicators are too broad/generalised: they are averages which disguise or distort wide internal variations eg a few. immensely wealthy families but the majority of the population may be living at subsistence level combining indication on health, education and the economy give a more balanced view of development

Question: 2009 P2 Q6 some regions/areas of a country may be much better off than others – ‘northsouth’ or ‘urban-rural’ contrasts GNP figures are in some cases inflated by oil revenues (showing a big gap between these and other indicators that have yet to ‘catch up’) subsistence agriculture and ‘barter economies’ are not included in wealth indicators. certain indicators are perhaps irrelevant to the real quality of life in many poorer ELDCs eg TVs per household when there is no electricity supply.

Question: Why is one development indicator not enough to show the true level of development in a country?

Question: How do you think you would answer this? It is EXACTLY the same as the last question.

Question: Why is there differences in development within some developing countries?

Question: Why is there differences in development within some developing countries? BRAZIL

Brazil: Advantages of the South East Lower rainfall throughout the year & higher altitude means cooler temperatures - a more hospitable climate for settlement SE has a number of natural harbours which encourage ports, so trade Port development led to manufacturing development e.g. steel, cars. Main iron, gold and manganese deposits are found in the SE. Iron ore led to the development of steel industry Location of industry leads to development of energy resources (HEP)

Brazil: Small off-shore oil field recently developed near Rio Major urban areas - golden triangle Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte attracts multinational companies (Ford, ICI), and migrant workers. 7 out of ICI’s 8 plants in Brazil are located in SE Component industries are attracted by the multinationals The majority of Brazilian road network is in south east, better infrastructure encourages trade and investment

Brazil: Industrialisation has led to investment in education and technical skills The majority of cash crops (coffee, cotton) are grown in the SE which means a higher income and consequently investment in that area. SE has very fertile Terra Rossa soils There has been major investment into the cities, such as Rio de Janeiro, for the upcoming World Cup and Olympic games. This has divided the population as many poor people living in the Favelas are getting poorer while the rich people are enjoying an even better life.

Brazil: Disadvantages of the North East NE suffers periodic drought (Caatinga: drought zone) resulting in crop failure Subsistence farmers in NE grow nothing surplus to their needs due to poor and exhausted soils. The high birth rate means the area is overpopulated. Lack of amenities compared to the big cities means a lot of the active population leave.

Brazil: Disadvantages of the North Hot and wet climate – low temperature range and over 200mm of rain per annum. Mainly covered in rainforest Poor infrastructure in such a vast area (42% of Brazil’s total area) Low population densities – 1.4 people per km 2 Poor quality soils, unsuitable for agriculture Minerals are located in the N and are exploited (world’s largest Bauxite mine found in Carajas)