Direct speech & indirect speech

She said: “ I like English very much.” She said that she liked English very much. In direct speech, In direct speech, the original speaker‘s exact words are given and are indicated ( 显示 ) by quotation marks. In indirect speech, In indirect speech, the exact meaning of the speaker's words is given, but the exact words are not directly quoted.

pay attention to  person pronouns 人称代词  Tense 时态 （谓语动词）  Word order 语序（陈数据的语序）  Some words 指示代词，表示时间， 来去的词语等

person pronouns I/weMe / weMy / ourMine / ours Myself / ourselves You YourYoursYourself / yourselves He / she / it / they Him / her/ it / them His/her /its/their His / hers / its/ theirs Himself/ herself/ itself /themselves 注意说话的对象

“ I ’ m fond of surfing the Internet, ” he said.  He said he was fond of surfing the Internet. “You should pay more attention to your pronunciation,” the teacher said.  The teacher said that I should pay more attention to my pronunciation. I said, “ I had a good time at the party.” I said that I had had a good time at the party.

Tense 1.“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. Ann said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. 3. He says, “I will go shopping.” He says that he will go shopping. 4. He will say ， “The girl was lazy ． ” He will tell you that the girl was lazy ． 2. Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.” Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams. 【小帖士】 间接引语中不用 say to sb ，要用 tell sb 来引述。

直接引语时态间接引语时态 Does/ dodid Am/is/are doingWas/were doing Has/have doneHad done Has /have been doingHad been doing didHad done 不变 Will doWould do Will be doingWould be doing

should /ought to/ would / might / could /need /must 不变 Shall / will / can / may /dareShould / would/ could / might /dared must （必须） had to/ would have to He said, “I really must go.”  He said that he really must go. “Must we hand in our exercise this afternoon?” he asked.  He asked if they had to hand in the exercise that afternoon. “I should be glad to come.”he said.  He said he would be glad to come.

不需改变时态 ①客观真理、格言时。 He said that well done is better than well said. ②虚拟语气 The doctor advised that he stop smoking. ③有具体时间状语 He told me that Jurassic Park was made by Spielberg in 1993.

④状语从句的谓语动词为过去时形式 Mr. Smith said, “When we lived in that city, we often met each other.”  Mr. Smith said that when they lived in that city they had often met each other. ⑤当表达的动作或状态现在仍然存在时 Our teacher said, “Eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.”  Our teacher said that eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.

在下列情况下，往往要保留 that 。 ① that 的省略会产生歧义。 Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left. 琳达很失望地说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。 （如不用 that ， when 状语从句既可以理解为修饰 said, 又可以理解为修饰 had left ） ② 当引述动词后面不止跟一个 that 引导的从句时，第 二个 that 不能省略。 He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年。（第二个 that 不能省略）

Word order He asked, “ How did these differences come about? ”  He asked how those differences had come about. “What is adventure travel?” he asked.  He asked what adventure travel was. No one can be sure_________ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like

一般疑问句 if, 陈述句语序. 谓语动词是 say/ said 时, 要改为 ask/ asked. He said, “ Do you think a diary can become your friend?” The writer asked us if we thought a diary could become our friend. 特殊疑问句引导词不变, 陈述句语序. “When did you go to bed last night ?” Father asked Anne. Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.

“Why did she go to America?” Paul asked.  Paul asked why she had gone to America. I asked him, “Are you satisfied with the results?”  I asked him whether/if he was satisfied with the results. 【小帖士】改为间接引语时词序不变 “What’s the matter with you? 和 “What’s wrong with you?” He asked me what was wrong with me. He asked me what was the matter with me.

祈使句和感叹句 Tell/order sb.(not) to do … ask sb. (not) to do… order sb (not) to do… “Don’t touch anything,” he said. He told us not to touch anything. He said, “What a beautiful view it is!”  He said that it was a very beautiful view. Fenwick said to me, “Go and see Robin. He will tell you everything you want to know.”  Fenwick advised me to go and see Robin, and said that he would tell me everything I wanted to know.

Some words 这变那，来变去, 过去变以前 ; 现在变那时，今天变那天, 明天变为第二天。 “ 这变那 ” 指的是 this→that ； these→those here→there 现在变那时指的是 : now → then ； 今天变那天指的是 :today → that day “ 来变去 ” 指的是 come→go “ 过去变以前 ” 指的是 ago→before yesterday→ the day before ； the day before yesterday→two days before ； last night→the night before ； “ 明天变为第二天 ” 指的是 tomorrow→the next ／ following day ; next year---the next year

“ We ’ ll leave here tomorrow, ” he said.  He said that they would leave there the next day. “ I met him the day before yesterday, ” she said.  She said that she had met him two days before. He said, “ Please show me this one. ”  He asked me to show him that one. He said, “ I ’ d like to see these sunglasses. ”  He said that he wanted to see those sunglasses.

时间状语、地点状语不用变化 ①如果说话时间和引述时间相同（如同一天，同 一月等） “I finished writing my paper yesterday,” he said today.  He told me today that he finished writing the paper yesterday. ②转述的地点不变时，地点状语 here 不必改为 there 。 He said, “I enjoy my stay here.”  He said that he enjoyed his stay here.