1. Drill – List 3 pros and 3 cons of industrialization 2. Thoughts on Friday’s test? 3. Homework – Read and outline 382 – 385 (The Spread of Industrialization – end of section)

The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain  Started in Britain in 1780s  Why? 1) Improved farming techniques more food, less labor, lower prices - People could afford to buy manufactured goods 2) Increased population peasants moved to cities (new labor force)

Why Britain? Continued… 3) Had $ (capital) to invest in machines and factories - Entrepreneurs made profits. - Economy was laissez-faire and ruled by supply and demand. 4) Natural Resources (coal, iron ore and water for steam power and transportation) 5) Huge market (big British empire)

 Changes in Cotton Production  1700s, cotton made in cottage industry – made cotton thread and then wove it into cloth.  Inventions improved the process: - Flying shuttle made weaving faster - Hargreave’s spinning jenny – spinning cotton faster - Cartwright’s water-powered loom

The Spinning Jenny

More inventions…  Improved steam engine – James Watt  Used it to drive machinery  Steam engines fueled by coal, not water  By 1840, cotton cloth was Britain’s most valuable industry

James Watt’s Steam Engine

 Coal and Iron Industries  As demand for coal, people looked to iron ore  Puddling = new process that turned iron ore into high quality iron  Iron used for machines and trains

Iron production… and air pollution

 New Factories  Workers work in shifts to keep machine production constant  Discipline of workers (even children) = harsh  Adults often fined, and kids often beaten

 Railroads  First railroad connected Liverpool and Manchester (32 miles).  By 1850, 6,000 miles of train tracks criss- crossed Britain.  Huge impact on the economy.