THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Term 2: Unit 1: Industrial Revolution LO: What changes took place in industry and agriculture during the Industrial Revolution?

READ THE DESCRIPTION OF THE WOOLLEN CLOTH INDUSTRY ON PAGE 116. Describe the process to your partner Describe the process to your partner

BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: COTTAGE INDUSTRY

COTTAGE INDUSTRY (IN PLACE FOR 2000 YEARS) Workers produced from home Workers produced from home They worked as many hours as it took They worked as many hours as it took Small hand tools were used Small hand tools were used There was a small-scale level of production There was a small-scale level of production

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Machines were invented which replaced human labour Machines were invented which replaced human labour New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene) New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)

THE FACTORY SYSTEM

FACTORY SYSTEM (THE NEW SYSTEM) Faster method of production Faster method of production Large-scale production Large-scale production Machines started to replace human labour Machines started to replace human labour Rural-to-urban migration Rural-to-urban migration People left farms to work in cities People left farms to work in cities

DOMINO EFFECT ON INDUSTRIALIZATION

Spinning machine Need to speed up weaving Power loom created

DOMINO EFFECT ON INDUSTRIALIZATION Power loom Increased demand for raw cotton Invention of the cotton gin

DOMINO EFFECT ON INDUSTRIALIZATION Cotton ginDemands for stronger iron Improvements in iron smelting and the development of steel (Bessemer process)

Can you work it out?

HOW DID THE USE OF STEAM POWER THIS PROCESS? QUESTIONS: QUESTIONS: What did Watt change in the design of the steam engine? What did Watt change in the design of the steam engine? Why was this change effective? Why was this change effective? How did Watt get so rich? How did Watt get so rich?

PLENARY Do you understand what the Industrial Revolution was about?

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Term 2: Unit 1: Industrial Revolution LO: What changes took place in industry and agriculture during the Industrial Revolution?

WATCH AND THINK: WHAT CHANGES WERE BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

 Agricultural methods had not changed much since the Middle Ages  Tools – hoe, sickle, wooden plow  Three-field system – farmers left 1/3 of the land fallow each year to restore fertility to the soil  Open-field system – unfenced farms with few improvements made to the land  It was mostly SUBSISTENCE FARMING = produce enough to feed yourself and your family, but not much surplus.

Open field system = the traditional medieval system of farming in England, in which land was divided into strips and managed by an individual only in the growing season, being available to the community for grazing animals during the rest of the year.

Causes of the Agricultural Revolution A.Farming Changes: During the 1700s, farmers made better use of land, and used fertilizer to improve the soil. B. Enclosure Movement: In the 1700s, rich landowners and the English Parliament began taking away land from peasants and joining together smaller strips into large farms. C. New Inventions: As people began to experiment with new machines for industry, new technology was introduced to farming as well. E.g. steam-powered threshing machine

Results of the Agricultural Revolution A.Poorer farmers lost their land: Many were forced to sell their land to wealthier farmers. They often moved to the cities to look for new work. B. Production increased: The improved farming methods meant that more food was produced. This helped the population numbers to increase, which meant that there were more people to work in factories and to buy manufactured goods. C. Farm labourers lost their jobs: The new machines meant that fewer people were needed to do farm labour. This meant that many farm workers moved to cities to look for work in the new factories.

TURN TO PAGE 116 Do question 1 (a) & (b) and question 3. Do question 1 (a) & (b) and question 3.