OR There and Back Again…

CLASSICAL to MODERN LIBERALISM

Evolution simile I-phone 1, 2, 3…4.1

Elizabeth I Louis XIV Friedrich Wilhelm I

The Enlightenment Age of Reason

Famous book ‘On Liberty’ John Stuart Mills view on liberty (rights and freedoms) is that the individual ought be free to do as he wishes unless he harms others the ‘harm principle’. Individuals are rational enough to make decisions about their good being and choose any religion they want to. Government should interfere when it is for the protection of society.

2.4 explore Aboriginal contributions to the development of liberalism RELATED ISSUE 2

American Revolution 1776 French Revolution(s) 1789

Adam Smith

clothing/textiles

Wealthy elites Middle classes Urban workers clergynobility peasants

Edmund Burke

exploitation

Robert Owen

Applies to economic systems Believe socialism can exist within a capitalist society Believes in transforming classical liberal society peacefully (through political means) Applies to economic & political systems Directly opposes the concept of capitalism advocates transforming classical liberal society violently (revolution) “All communists are socialists but not all socialists are communists”

labour unions

 A welfare state  Still has a free market economy (with restrictions)  The government takes a much more active role to ensure economic stability  Economist John Maynard Keynes argued that government involvement is necessary during times of economic depression  His theory is AKA demand side economics (fixed )  Keynes’ theory is foundational for the economic policy of _______________ liberalism

 Democratic rights  Universal suffrage – all adult citizens have the right to vote  Workers’ rights  Unions are legal  Collective bargaining protected by law  Women’s Rights  Feminism – the belief that men and women are equal  Protection of human rights  Civil Rights activists (racial equality)  LGTBQ rights  Most modern liberals support affirmative action

 Stagnant economies and building government debt caused many to question Keynes ideas Friedrich HayekMilton Friedman “The Chicago School”  Big government” is the enemy.  Monetarism: Use INTEREST RATES to manipulate the money flow

Thatcherism Margaret Thatcher: Broke up Britain’s welfare state Broke up Britain’s welfare state o Privatized low income housing o Privatized utility companies o Broke up labour unions o Striking workers were fired o Use police force to break up picket lines REFUSED to privatize public healthcare… REFUSED to privatize public healthcare…