Biochemistry The Scope of Biochemistry .. Biochemistry The Scope of Biochemistry Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Introduction Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Revolution in biological sciences: Biochemistry becomes the heart of this revolution. Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Designing Molecules 6-Mercaptopurine 3‘Azido-2’,3’-dideoxythymidine (AZT) Isoproterenol Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Two factors for the contribution: Living matter obeys the same fundamental physical and chemical laws that govern all matter. Powerful new research techniques are discovered. Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com What is Biochemistry ? Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Goals of Biochemistry Describe structure, organization, function of cells in molecular terms. Structural Chemistry Metabolism Molecular Genetics Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Roots of Biochemistry (Figure 1.3) Wohler's synthesis of urea Buchners' fermentation of sugar from yeast extracts Sumner's crystallization of urease Flemming's discovery of chromosomes Mendel's characterization of genes Miescher's isolation of nucleic acids Watson and Crick's structure of DNA Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Biochemistry as a Discipline and an interdisciplinary science : Organic chemistry Biophysics Medical research Nutrition Microbiology Physiology Cell biology genetics Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Biochemistry as a Chemical Science Amino acids Sugars Lipids Nucleotides Vitamins Hormones Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Chemical Elements of Living Matter (Figure 1.4, Table 1.1) Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Biological Molecules Monomers/Polymers (Figure 1.7) Sugar/Polysaccharide Nucleotide/Nucleic Acids Amino acid/Polypeptides (Figure 1.6) Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Biochemistry as a Biological Science Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Distinguishing Characteristics of Living Matter Constant renewal of a highly ordered structure accompanied by an increase in complexity of that structure  Overcoming entropy requires energy  Life is self-replicating Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Unit of Biological Organization: The Cell (Figure 1.8, Figure 1.9) Prokaryotes (Table 1.2)   Eubacteria Archaebacteria   Eukaryotes (Compartmentalization of organelles) (Figure 1.11, Figure 1.13) Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Windows on Cellular Functions: The Viruses Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

New Tools in the Biological Revolution (Figure 1.15) Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

The Uses of Biochemistry Agriculture  Medicine  Nutrition  Clinical Chemistry Pharmacology  Toxicology Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com